Anfíbios da Serra do Mar: diversidade e biogeografia
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Data
2018-08-13
Autores
Malagoli, Leo Ramos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentre as serras existentes no leste do Brasil, uma em especial se destaca por ser a primeira grande barreira observada a partir do litoral de partes do sul e sudeste: a Serra do Mar (SM). Com extensão de cerca de 1.500 km, a SM se estende do norte do estado de Santa Catarina ao norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A SM possui grande variação altitudinal e diferentes tipos de ambientes, fatores que contribuem para a alta riqueza de espécies endêmicas de diversos grupos taxonômicos, mas principalmente de anfíbios anuros. De fato, um grande número de novas espécies de anuros tem sido descrita para a SM nos últimos anos. Além disso, é crescente a quantidade de estudos sobre a composição de espécies em diversas localidades. No entanto, são praticamente inexistentes pesquisas que explorem a SM como um todo, utilizando abordagens biogeográficas e ecológicas. Para alcançar estes objetivos, a obtenção de dados em coleções científicas é um passo importante, além da complementação de informações com trabalhos de campo e bibliografia. Aqui, utilizando diferentes métodos, exploramos e analisamos aspectos da composição de espécies, padrões de distribuição, endemismo, conservação e diversidade dos anuros da Serra do Mar. A partir de amostragens em coleções científicas, trabalhos de campo e com complementação de dados na literatura científica, obtivemos mais de 28.000 registros de anuros, dos quais mais de 22.000 somente para a SM. Além disso, com o uso de dados geológicos foi possível delimitar a SM com maior detalhamento, melhorando o refinamento das análises e resultados. A SM é, até o momento, a cadeia de montanhas com a maior riqueza de espécies e endemismos de anuros da região Neotropical, com mais de 350 espécies e um nível de endemismo elevado, com mais de 170 espécies restritas à esta formação. Diversas unidades biogeográficas (Elementos bióticos - EBs) foram recuperadas para os anuros da SM, congruentes com os padrões de distribuição para outros táxons. Em geral, os EBs apresentam porcentagem significativa de cobertura florestal, mas possuem menor porcentagem de proteção por unidades de conservação. Adicionalmente, verificamos que algumas áreas com valores elevados de diversidade funcional, estão dentro dos EBs recuperados, embora não em todos. Apesar desta ser uma região de extrema relevância para a biodiversidade, a SM é intensamente pressionada pelo crescimento desordenado de grandes metrópoles, como São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Curitiba. Utilizando diferentes abordagens, nosso estudo fornece subsídios novos e relevantes para a conservação desta cadeia de montanhas de importância fundamental para a conservação da biodiversidade global.
Among the mountains in the east of Brazil, one is particularly remarkable for being the first major barrier observed from the coast of parts of the south and southeast: the Serra do Mar (SM). With an extension of about 1,500 km, the SM extends from the north of the state of Santa Catarina to the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The SM has great altitudinal variation and different types of environments, factors that contribute to the richness of endemic species of several taxonomic groups, but mainly of anuran amphibians. Indeed, a large number of new species of anurans have been described for SM in recent years. Moreover, the number of studies on species composition in several localities of it is increasing. However, there is practically no research that explores SM as a whole, using biogeographical and ecological approaches. To achieve these objectives, obtaining data in scientific collections is an important step, in addition to complementing information with fieldwork and bibliography. Here, using different methods, we explore and analyze aspects of species composition, distribution patterns, endemism, conservation and diversity of SM anurans. By sampling in scientific collections, field work and additional data acquire in the scientific literature, we obtained more than 28,000 records of anurans, of which more than 22,000 only for SM. In addition, with the use of geological data it was possible to delimit SM with greater detail, improving the refinement of the analyzes and results. Serra do Mar is, to date, the mountain chain with the greatest species richness and anuran endemism of the Neotropical region, with more than 350 species and a high level of endemism, with 171 anuran species restricted to this formation. Several biogeographic units (Biotic elements - BEs) were recovered for endemic SM anurans, congruent with distribution patterns for other taxa. In general, BEs present a significant percentage of forest cover, but have a lower percentage of cover by protected areas. In addition, we verified that some areas with high values of functional diversity are within the BEs recovered, but not in all. Although this is a region of extreme relevance for biodiversity, SM is strongly pressured by the disorderly growth of large metropoles such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba. Using different approaches, our study provides novel and relevant subsidies for the conservation of this mountain chain of crucial relevance for global biodiversity.
Among the mountains in the east of Brazil, one is particularly remarkable for being the first major barrier observed from the coast of parts of the south and southeast: the Serra do Mar (SM). With an extension of about 1,500 km, the SM extends from the north of the state of Santa Catarina to the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The SM has great altitudinal variation and different types of environments, factors that contribute to the richness of endemic species of several taxonomic groups, but mainly of anuran amphibians. Indeed, a large number of new species of anurans have been described for SM in recent years. Moreover, the number of studies on species composition in several localities of it is increasing. However, there is practically no research that explores SM as a whole, using biogeographical and ecological approaches. To achieve these objectives, obtaining data in scientific collections is an important step, in addition to complementing information with fieldwork and bibliography. Here, using different methods, we explore and analyze aspects of species composition, distribution patterns, endemism, conservation and diversity of SM anurans. By sampling in scientific collections, field work and additional data acquire in the scientific literature, we obtained more than 28,000 records of anurans, of which more than 22,000 only for SM. In addition, with the use of geological data it was possible to delimit SM with greater detail, improving the refinement of the analyzes and results. Serra do Mar is, to date, the mountain chain with the greatest species richness and anuran endemism of the Neotropical region, with more than 350 species and a high level of endemism, with 171 anuran species restricted to this formation. Several biogeographic units (Biotic elements - BEs) were recovered for endemic SM anurans, congruent with distribution patterns for other taxa. In general, BEs present a significant percentage of forest cover, but have a lower percentage of cover by protected areas. In addition, we verified that some areas with high values of functional diversity are within the BEs recovered, but not in all. Although this is a region of extreme relevance for biodiversity, SM is strongly pressured by the disorderly growth of large metropoles such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba. Using different approaches, our study provides novel and relevant subsidies for the conservation of this mountain chain of crucial relevance for global biodiversity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anuros, Conservação, Diversidade funcional, Elementos bióticos, Mata Atlântica, Regionalização, Anurans, Atlantic forest, Biotic elements, Conservation, Functional diversity, Regionalization