A cobertura dos protestos de 2013 em São Paulo sob a ótica da macromídia
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2018-08-13
Autores
Silva, Deborah Ramos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho propõe uma pesquisa sobre as informações ofertadas pelos dois maiores veículos da cidade de São Paulo, em junho de 2013, quando o Brasil foi surpreendido por um grande número de manifestações de rua, totalizando 234 matérias no período de 7 a 21 de junho de 2013, ápice dos protestos. A Folha de S.Paulo é atualmente o jornal brasileiro de maior circulação, segundo dados da Associação Nacional de Jornais (ANJ), com 189.254 acessos de 2014 a 2015; entre 2012-2013, esses dados chegavam a 294.811. Já O Estado de S. Paulo concentrava no ano de análise das manifestações 234.863 acessos; em 2014-2015, o número caiu para 78.410. A metodologia desta pesquisa baseia-se na análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2002) e revisão bibliográfica. Já na delimitação da proposta deste trabalho, serão utilizadas como referência as matérias relacionadas aos protestos no período citado em São Paulo, pois, apesar do caráter nacional do tema, esta é uma cidade referência, uma vez que nela os movimentos que serão estudados atuaram com maior força e intensidade durante todo o mês de junho, estando presentes os movimentos autônomos, anárquicos e toda a gama de agentes que influíram na condução dos protestos. Ademais, foi o reajuste da tarifa de ônibus dessa cidade que motivou as ações do Movimento Passe Livre (MPL), principal ator nas mobilizações, que resultaram em um processo em cadeia que se alastrou pelo país. De fato, os meios de segurança pública, as lideranças políticas e sindicais tradicionais, e até os meios de comunicação, foram incapazes de prever, com alguma antecedência mínima, a possibilidade de que aqueles eventos que insurgiam, irrompessem, como de fato aconteceu. Esta dissertação parte do pressuposto de que tanto os novos meios quantos os tradicionais desempenharam papéis importantes nesse momento. Atuaram como caixas de ressonância para diversos atores sociais. Devemos destacar que as mídias digitais foram ferramentas de mobilização e ampliaram o poder dos protestos, mas, a presente pesquisa objetiva identificar de que forma a macromídia ou mídia convencional cobriu os protestos; além de apresentar como os dois principais jornais brasileiros online abordaram o tema e os atores envolvidos.
This paper proposes a survey on the information offered by the two largest vehicles in the city of São Paulo, in June 2013, when Brazil was surprised by a large number of street demonstrations, totaling 234 subjects in the period from June 7 to 21 in 2013 peak of protests. Folha de S.Paulo is currently the largest Brazilian newspaper, according to data from the National Newspaper Association (ANJ), with 189,254 accesses from 2014 to 2015; between 2012-2013, these data reached 294,811. O Estado de S. Paulo concentrated in the year of analysis of the manifestations 234,863 accesses; in 2014-2015, the number dropped to 78,410. The methodology is based on content analysis (Bardin,2002) and literature review. Already in the delimitation proposed in this work, will be used as reference the subjects related to the protests in the mentioned period, in the city of São Paulo, because, despite the national character of the theme, this is a reference, since in it the movements that will be studied acted with greater force and intensity during the whole month of June, being present the autonomous movements, anarchists and all the range of agents that influenced in the conduction of the protests. In addition, it was the readjustment of the bus fare of that city that motivated the actions of the Pass Free Movement (MPL), the main actor in the mobilizations, that resulted in a chain process that spread throughout the country. In fact, the public security media, traditional political and trade union leaders, and even the media, were unable to predict, with some minimal bias, the possibility that those insurgent events would erupt, as indeed did. This dissertation assumes that both new media and traditional ones played important roles at that time. They acted as sounding boards for various social actors. We must emphasize that digital media were tools of mobilization and amplified the power of protests, but the present research aims to identify how macromedia or conventional media covered the protests; as well as presenting how the two main Brazilian online newspapers addressed the theme and the actors involved.
This paper proposes a survey on the information offered by the two largest vehicles in the city of São Paulo, in June 2013, when Brazil was surprised by a large number of street demonstrations, totaling 234 subjects in the period from June 7 to 21 in 2013 peak of protests. Folha de S.Paulo is currently the largest Brazilian newspaper, according to data from the National Newspaper Association (ANJ), with 189,254 accesses from 2014 to 2015; between 2012-2013, these data reached 294,811. O Estado de S. Paulo concentrated in the year of analysis of the manifestations 234,863 accesses; in 2014-2015, the number dropped to 78,410. The methodology is based on content analysis (Bardin,2002) and literature review. Already in the delimitation proposed in this work, will be used as reference the subjects related to the protests in the mentioned period, in the city of São Paulo, because, despite the national character of the theme, this is a reference, since in it the movements that will be studied acted with greater force and intensity during the whole month of June, being present the autonomous movements, anarchists and all the range of agents that influenced in the conduction of the protests. In addition, it was the readjustment of the bus fare of that city that motivated the actions of the Pass Free Movement (MPL), the main actor in the mobilizations, that resulted in a chain process that spread throughout the country. In fact, the public security media, traditional political and trade union leaders, and even the media, were unable to predict, with some minimal bias, the possibility that those insurgent events would erupt, as indeed did. This dissertation assumes that both new media and traditional ones played important roles at that time. They acted as sounding boards for various social actors. We must emphasize that digital media were tools of mobilization and amplified the power of protests, but the present research aims to identify how macromedia or conventional media covered the protests; as well as presenting how the two main Brazilian online newspapers addressed the theme and the actors involved.
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Manifestações, São Paulo, Folha de S. Paulo, Estado de S. Paulo, Macromídia, Manifestations, Macromedia