Relações raciais e segregação urbana: trajetórias negras na cidade
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2018-08-31
Autores
Panta, Mariana Aparecida dos Santos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo tem como problema central os processos históricos e sociais que têm impelido para os territórios marginalizados de diversas cidades brasileiras a população negra, estigmatizando fortemente esse grupo social e os lugares nos quais ele está presente em maiores proporções. Em virtude disso, este trabalho se propõe a analisar características dos processos de segregação urbana da população negra em Londrina, Paraná, assim como algumas de suas interfaces, sobretudo aquelas relacionadas aos estigmas territoriais, à discriminação racial e às violências. Para compreender esse fenômeno, seguimos as contribuições epistemológicas pautadas na ecologia de saberes, que busca combinar, de modo horizontal, diferentes formas de conhecimento. Deste modo, além da discussão teórica, a pesquisa tem como base entrevistas qualitativas realizadas com pessoas negras que habitam territórios segregados da cidade. A atenção maior volta-se para dois bairros: o Jardim União da Vitória (zona sul), o maior assentamento urbano de Londrina; e o Residencial Vista Bela (zona norte), conjunto habitacional reconhecido como um dos maiores canteiros de obras do Programa “Minha Casa Minha Vida”, do Governo Federal. As análises foram empreendidas à luz tanto de teorias relevantes que abordam concepções sobre raça e espaço urbano, quanto dos diálogos com reflexões decoloniais. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que os mecanismos que operam na produção da segregação urbana da população negra em Londrina são múltiplos e correlacionados, visto envolverem questões econômicas, sociais, raciais, políticas e culturais. As estruturas de opressão são plurais, se relacionam e se sustentam mutuamente. Todavia, a tese central é de que a segregação racial na cidade, mais do que mero reflexo da concentração de negros na base da estrutura de classes, é uma dimensão do racismo estrutural brasileiro; este, por sua vez, encontra importante suporte na colonialidade, padrão de poder multidimensional no qual a raça é cerne como princípio e instrumento de dominação. A consequência é a divisão racial do espaço, caracterizado pela conglomeração dos negros em espaços de invisibilidade, ou de visibilidade hostil, onde cidadania é cerceada. Além dessas dimensões estruturais, atuam impactando a vida de indivíduos e grupos segregados as discriminações e estigmatizações referentes à raça e ao território, que os tornam amplamente vulneráveis às diversas formas de violência, além de influenciar suas perspectivas, expectativas e atitudes, que, não raramente, reforçam suas posições de subalternidade.
This study has as its central problem the historical and social processes that have pushed the black population to the marginalized territories of several Brazilian cities, strongly stigmatizing this social group and the places in which it is present in greater proportions. As a result, this paper proposes to analyze theoretically and empirically the characteristics of the processes of urban segregation of the black population in Londrina, Paraná, as well as some of its interfaces, especially those related to territorial stigmas, racial discrimination and violence. To understand these phenomena, we follow the epistemological contributions based on the ecology of knowledge, which seeks to combine, horizontally, different forms of knowledge. Thus, in addition to the theoretical discussion, the research is based on qualitative interviews with black people living in segregated territories of the city. The greater attention is directed towards two districts: Jardim União da Vitória (south zone), the largest urban settlement in Londrina; and the Residencial Vista Bela (northern area), a housing complex recognized as one of the largest construction sites of the "Minha Casa Minha Vida" Program of the Federal Government. The analyzes were undertaken in the light of both relevant theories that deal with conceptions about race and urban space, as well as dialogues with decolonial reflections. The results of this study indicate that the mechanisms that operate in the production of urban segregation of the black population in Londrina are multiple and correlated, since they involve economic, social, racial, political and cultural issues. The structures of oppression are plural, interrelated, and mutually supportive. However, the central thesis is that racial segregation in the city, rather than merely a reflection of the concentration of blacks at the base of class structure, is a dimension of Brazilian structural racism; this, in turn, finds important support in coloniality, a multidimensional power pattern in which race is at the core as the principle and instrument of domination. The consequence is the racial division of space, characterized by the conglomeration of blacks in spaces of invisibility, or of hostile visibility, where citizenship is curtailed. In addition to these structural dimensions, discrimination and stigmatizations concerning race and territory affect the lives of individuals and segregated groups, making them widely vulnerable to various forms of violence, as well as influencing their perspectives, expectations and attitudes, which, not infrequently , reinforce their positions of subalternity.
This study has as its central problem the historical and social processes that have pushed the black population to the marginalized territories of several Brazilian cities, strongly stigmatizing this social group and the places in which it is present in greater proportions. As a result, this paper proposes to analyze theoretically and empirically the characteristics of the processes of urban segregation of the black population in Londrina, Paraná, as well as some of its interfaces, especially those related to territorial stigmas, racial discrimination and violence. To understand these phenomena, we follow the epistemological contributions based on the ecology of knowledge, which seeks to combine, horizontally, different forms of knowledge. Thus, in addition to the theoretical discussion, the research is based on qualitative interviews with black people living in segregated territories of the city. The greater attention is directed towards two districts: Jardim União da Vitória (south zone), the largest urban settlement in Londrina; and the Residencial Vista Bela (northern area), a housing complex recognized as one of the largest construction sites of the "Minha Casa Minha Vida" Program of the Federal Government. The analyzes were undertaken in the light of both relevant theories that deal with conceptions about race and urban space, as well as dialogues with decolonial reflections. The results of this study indicate that the mechanisms that operate in the production of urban segregation of the black population in Londrina are multiple and correlated, since they involve economic, social, racial, political and cultural issues. The structures of oppression are plural, interrelated, and mutually supportive. However, the central thesis is that racial segregation in the city, rather than merely a reflection of the concentration of blacks at the base of class structure, is a dimension of Brazilian structural racism; this, in turn, finds important support in coloniality, a multidimensional power pattern in which race is at the core as the principle and instrument of domination. The consequence is the racial division of space, characterized by the conglomeration of blacks in spaces of invisibility, or of hostile visibility, where citizenship is curtailed. In addition to these structural dimensions, discrimination and stigmatizations concerning race and territory affect the lives of individuals and segregated groups, making them widely vulnerable to various forms of violence, as well as influencing their perspectives, expectations and attitudes, which, not infrequently , reinforce their positions of subalternity.
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Palavras-chave
Segregação racial, Racismo, Colonialidade/decolonialidade, População negra, Londrina, Racial segregation, Racism, Coloniality/decoloniality, Black population