Características de aplicativos de smartphones para a redução do comportamento sedentário de adolescentes no tempo livre
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Data
2018-09-20
Autores
Christofoletti, Ana Elisa Messetti [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A prevalência de adolescentes brasileiros expostos ao tempo sentado, como utilizar smartphones mais de 5 horas e 51 minutos por dia, é de 65%. Assim, as intervenções para reduzir o comportamento sedentário (CS) em jovens são importantes, mas pouco se sabe sobre como reduzir o CS dos adolescentes por meio do uso de aplicativos de smartphones, o que é interessante, uma vez que essa ferramenta é usada por 87,4% dos jovens brasileiros. Mas antes de criar um aplicativo com esse propósito, é necessário verificar as variáveis associadas ao CS de determinada região e explorar as características que o aplicativo deverá possuir para futuramente ser criado. Com base nisso, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao CS e explorar as características que aplicativos para smartphones devem conter para redução do CS no tempo livre a partir da visão dos adolescentes. Participaram do estudo 482 adolescentes (14,43±2,08 anos) de 3 escolas públicas e 2 particulares do ensino fundamental (anos finais) e ensino médio da cidade de Rio Claro - SP. Para a coleta de dados, os participantes responderam a um questionário de identificação, anamnese clínica e questionário para caracterizar o nível socioeconômico; o Questionário de Comportamento Sedentário, com questões adicionais relacionadas ao CS e o uso de smartphones e videogames; o Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual para Adolescentes e mensuração do peso e estatura para o cálculo de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) (kg/m²). A análise de dados dos questionários e medidas antropométricas foram realizadas no programa SPSS versão 22.0 e foi feita a análise descritiva dos dados, teste T de Student para comparar meninos e meninas e o teste de regressão logística para verificar associação das variáveis do estudo com o CS (p<0,05). Após à aplicação dos questionários, realizaram-se entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com 8 participantes, com o intuito de descobrir o que deve conter em um aplicativo de smartphone para diminuir o CS de adolescentes. Para a análise da entrevista semiestruturada, foi utilizado o método de codificação simples. O CS total foi de 13,7±3,4 horas/dia e 47,5% da população apresentou mais de 14,1 horas/dia de CS. As variáveis associadas ao CS foram: smartphone; computador/tablet e videogame; CS nas obrigações e televisão. O uso exacerbado do smartphone está relacionado ao sexo feminino e ao elevado tempo de CS. As principais características que um aplicativo de smartphone para diminuir e gerar pausas no CS são: envolvimento social, metas, recompensa, mensagens de incentivo, layout atrativo, envolvimento com as redes sociais, atualizações periódicas, podendo ser em formato de jogo. Os domínios do CS devem ser investigados de forma distintas, pois o presente estudo demonstrou que eles influenciam de forma distinta o CS total dos adolescentes. Assim, deve-se considerar variáveis técnicas do aplicativo e variáveis sociais dos adolescentes para a criação de aplicativos para smartphones para redução do CS no tempo livre.
The prevalence of Brazilian adolescents exposed to sitting time, such as using smartphones for more than 5 hours and 51 minutes per day, is 65%. Thus, interventions to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in adolescents are important, but little is known about how to reduce adolescents' SB using smartphone applications, which is interesting, since this tool is used by 87.4% of the Brazilian adolescents. However, before creating an application for this purpose, it is necessary to check the variables associated with the SB of a given region and to explore the characteristics that the application must have to be created in the future. Based on this, the aim of this study was to verify the sociodemographic factors associated with SB and explore the characteristics that applications for smartphones should contain to reduce SB in leisure time from the adolescents' view. A total of 482 adolescents (14.43 ± 2.08 years) from 3 public schools and 2 private elementary schools (final years) and high school in the city of Rio Claro - SP participated to the study. For the data collection, the participants answered an identification questionnaire, clinical anamnesis and a questionnaire to characterize the socioeconomic level; the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, with additional questions related to SB and the use of smartphones and video games; the Normal Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and weight and height measurement for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg / m²). The data analysis of the questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were performed in the SPSS version 22.0 program and the descriptive analysis of the data was done. Further, it was performed Student's T test to compare boys and girls and also the logistic regression test to verify the association of the study variables with SB (p <0.05). Subsequent to the application of the questionnaires, semi-structured individual interviews with 8 participants were conducted, in order to find out what should be contained in a smartphone application to decrease adolescents’ SB. For the analysis of the semi-structured interview, the simple coding method was used. Total SB was 13.7±3.4 hours/day and 47.5% of the population presented more than 14.1 hours/day of SB. The variables associated to SB were: smartphone; computer / tablet and video game; SB in chores and television. The exacerbated use of the smartphone is related to female and to the high time of SB. It was also elucidated that the main characteristics that a smartphone application should have to decrease and generate breaks in SB are: social involvement, goals, reward, incentive messages, attractive layout, involvement with social networks, periodic updates, and it can come in a game format. SB domains should be investigated differently, as the present study has demonstrated that they have a distinct influence 10 on adolescents’ total SB. Thus, it is necessary to consider technical variables of the application and adolescents’ social variables for the creation of applications for smartphones to reduce the SB in free time.
The prevalence of Brazilian adolescents exposed to sitting time, such as using smartphones for more than 5 hours and 51 minutes per day, is 65%. Thus, interventions to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in adolescents are important, but little is known about how to reduce adolescents' SB using smartphone applications, which is interesting, since this tool is used by 87.4% of the Brazilian adolescents. However, before creating an application for this purpose, it is necessary to check the variables associated with the SB of a given region and to explore the characteristics that the application must have to be created in the future. Based on this, the aim of this study was to verify the sociodemographic factors associated with SB and explore the characteristics that applications for smartphones should contain to reduce SB in leisure time from the adolescents' view. A total of 482 adolescents (14.43 ± 2.08 years) from 3 public schools and 2 private elementary schools (final years) and high school in the city of Rio Claro - SP participated to the study. For the data collection, the participants answered an identification questionnaire, clinical anamnesis and a questionnaire to characterize the socioeconomic level; the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, with additional questions related to SB and the use of smartphones and video games; the Normal Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and weight and height measurement for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg / m²). The data analysis of the questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were performed in the SPSS version 22.0 program and the descriptive analysis of the data was done. Further, it was performed Student's T test to compare boys and girls and also the logistic regression test to verify the association of the study variables with SB (p <0.05). Subsequent to the application of the questionnaires, semi-structured individual interviews with 8 participants were conducted, in order to find out what should be contained in a smartphone application to decrease adolescents’ SB. For the analysis of the semi-structured interview, the simple coding method was used. Total SB was 13.7±3.4 hours/day and 47.5% of the population presented more than 14.1 hours/day of SB. The variables associated to SB were: smartphone; computer / tablet and video game; SB in chores and television. The exacerbated use of the smartphone is related to female and to the high time of SB. It was also elucidated that the main characteristics that a smartphone application should have to decrease and generate breaks in SB are: social involvement, goals, reward, incentive messages, attractive layout, involvement with social networks, periodic updates, and it can come in a game format. SB domains should be investigated differently, as the present study has demonstrated that they have a distinct influence 10 on adolescents’ total SB. Thus, it is necessary to consider technical variables of the application and adolescents’ social variables for the creation of applications for smartphones to reduce the SB in free time.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Estilo de vida sedentário, Adolescente, Smartphone, Epidemiologia, Sedentary lifestyle, Adolescent, Epidemiology