Progresso genético de híbridos de milho (Zea mays L.) na segunda safra ao longo de uma década
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Data
2018-09-21
Autores
Médice Junior, Helder
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A quantificação do progresso genético é o ponto-chave para definir o sucesso de um programa de melhoramento. O conhecimento dos ganhos obtidos direcionará a estratégia do programa, orientando as tendências e decisões que o melhorista deve adotar para os próximos ciclos seletivos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, quantificar o progresso genético da produtividade de híbridos de milho, ao longo de uma década. Estes, por sua vez, foram avaliados nas segundas safras, entre 2004 e 2013, nas regiões Centro e Sul do Brasil, para a característica produtividade de grãos e umidade. O estudo do progresso foi dividido em duas regiões, sendo elas Centro e Sul. Um total de 245 ambientes, contendo 308 híbridos, com 115 testemunhas. Ao todo, 193 experimentais foram avaliados. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições, sendo as parcelas experimentais compostas por 4 linhas de 5 metros de comprimento, com espaçamento de 0,90 m entre linhas, para os anos de 2005 a 2011 e, após 2012, a parcela foi composta de 4 linhas de 4 m com 0,50 m entre linhas. O progresso genético para o melhor híbrido experimental na região Centro do Brasil foi de -0,39%, com média de produtividade de 6.616 kg ha-1. Para a região Sul, o progresso foi de -0,75%, com produtividade média de 6.808 kg ha-1. Pôde-se quantificar o progresso genético para a segunda safra de milho nas regiões Centro e Sul do Brasil. Mais estudos precisam ser realizados a fim de que se entendam os demais caracteres, além da produtividade.
Quantifying the genetic progress is the key point to define the success of a breeding program. The knowledge of the obtained gains will direct the program strategy, guiding the trends and decisions that the researcher must adopt for the next cycles of selection. The aim of this study was to quantify the genetic progress of corn hybrids over a decade. Corn hybrids were assessed in the second crops between 2004 and 2013 in the central and southern regions of Brazil for the traits grain yield and humidity. The study of progress was divided into two regions, i.e. Central and South, and had a total of 245 environments, containing 308 hybrids with 115 controls. In total, 193 experimental studies were assessed. The tests were conducted in a randomized block design with two replications and experimental plots composed of four rows of 5 m long and interrow spacing of 0.90 m for 2005 to 2011. After 2012, the experimental plot was composed of four rows of 4 m long and interrow spacing of 0.50 m. The genetic progress for the best experimental hybrid in the Central region of Brazil was −0.39%, with an average productivity of 6,616 kg ha−1. For the South region, progress was −0.75%, with an average productivity of 6,808 kg ha−1. The genetic progress for the second corn crop was quantified in the Central and South regions of Brazil. Further studies need to be carried out in order to understand other traits, besides productivity.
Quantifying the genetic progress is the key point to define the success of a breeding program. The knowledge of the obtained gains will direct the program strategy, guiding the trends and decisions that the researcher must adopt for the next cycles of selection. The aim of this study was to quantify the genetic progress of corn hybrids over a decade. Corn hybrids were assessed in the second crops between 2004 and 2013 in the central and southern regions of Brazil for the traits grain yield and humidity. The study of progress was divided into two regions, i.e. Central and South, and had a total of 245 environments, containing 308 hybrids with 115 controls. In total, 193 experimental studies were assessed. The tests were conducted in a randomized block design with two replications and experimental plots composed of four rows of 5 m long and interrow spacing of 0.90 m for 2005 to 2011. After 2012, the experimental plot was composed of four rows of 4 m long and interrow spacing of 0.50 m. The genetic progress for the best experimental hybrid in the Central region of Brazil was −0.39%, with an average productivity of 6,616 kg ha−1. For the South region, progress was −0.75%, with an average productivity of 6,808 kg ha−1. The genetic progress for the second corn crop was quantified in the Central and South regions of Brazil. Further studies need to be carried out in order to understand other traits, besides productivity.
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Palavras-chave
Ganho genético, Produtividade de milho, Zea mays L.