Educomunicação na rede estadual de ensino de Mato Grosso: análise das experiências das escolas
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Data
2018-02-06
Autores
Alencar, João José
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa está vinculada à linha de pesquisa “Processos formativos, ensino e aprendizagem” do programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” e teve como objeto de estudo a educomunicação desenvolvida por meio de projetos nas escolas estaduais do estado de Mato Grosso. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os projetos de educomunicação na Rede de Educação Básica do estado de Mato Grosso. Os objetivos específicos foram: 1) caracterizar e descrever o perfil do educomunicador mato-grossense na rede estadual de Educação; 2) evidenciar se/como o conceito de educomunicação e outros referenciais teóricos foram utilizados nos projetos; 3) identificar como são utilizadas as mídias na realização dos projetos. A pesquisa se justifica por abordar uma política pública que vem se destacando nas conquistas da educomunicação em todo o país e por apresentar uma análise do conceito quando inserido na educação formal por meio da pedagogia de projetos. O estudo se define como de pesquisa qualitativa, com delineamento descritivo e explicativo. No processo de coleta e análise dos dados fizemos uso da análise documental de: instruções normativas e portarias publicadas no período de 2007 a 2016; relação de atribuições de 2010 a 2016; e relatórios de atividades desenvolvidas semestralmente e/ou anualmente das escolas de Mato Grosso com profissional atribuído para desenvolver os projetos educomunicativos nas escolas em 2014 e/ou 2015. Ao todo foram analisados 199 documentos de 99 escolas, distribuídas em 44 municípios do estado de Mato Grosso. Também realizamos uma entrevista por meio de questionário com o coordenador do Projeto Educomunicação em 2017. No tratamento dos dados utilizamos a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que os projetos educomunicativos das escolas são coordenados por professores, que atuam de docentes auxiliando os alunos com formação pedagógica e de gestores por criar ecossistemas educativos na escola e desenvolver o projeto de forma interdisciplinar. O conceito acadêmico de educomunicação não é utilizado na maioria das redações dos documentos escolares, que fazem uso do senso comum para nortear as suas práticas. Das mídias utilizadas, o rádio está presente em 86 escolas, mas, também outras mídias são citadas e percebemos que as escolas fazem uso de mais de uma em seus projetos educomunicativos. Identificamos um total de doze categorias trabalhadas nos projetos educomunicativos, sendo essas: comunicação interna dos assuntos da escola; entretenimento; desenvolvimento de competências da área da linguagem (produção e interpretação de texto, leitura e expressão oral); veiculação de conteúdo informativo da comunidade externa e do mundo; uso das mídias como instrumento didático-pedagógico; desenvolvimento de competências para uma leitura crítica da mídia; formação voltada para o ensino de técnicas no manuseio e uso das mídias; estímulo ao protagonismo juvenil; abordagem de datas comemorativas, de temas transversais e do cotidiano; prestação de serviços à comunidade; desenvolvimento de ecossistemas comunicativos na escola; diminuição da evasão e dos casos de violência na escola. Diante dos dados, podemos afirmar que os projetos educomunicativos em Mato Grosso são baseados no senso comum sobre o tema e necessita de uma formação continuada dos Professores Educomunicação, para que teoria e prática se desenvolvam juntas. Percebemos que os projetos possuem diversas finalidades e vem tendo em suas experiências individuais resultados satisfatórios, que tendo uma constante análise das experiências realizadas alicerçadas em uma base acadêmica podem contribuir para ampliar a política do estado de Mato Grosso e levá-la como modelo para ser aplicada em outras localidades.
The present research is attached to a research segment: “Developing Process, teaching and learning” , from the Education Post Graduation Program from Sciences and Technology State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” and it had as a study object the educommunication developed through Mato Grosso’s state school projects. The general objective of the research was to identify and analyze the educommunication project at Mato Grosso ’s State Basic Education network. The specific objectives were: 1) Characterize and describe the “mato-grossense educommunicator’s profile” from the State Education network; 2) To evidence if/how the concept of educommunicationand others theoretical reference were used in the project; 3) Identify how the medias are used on the achievement of the projects. The research is justified for approaching a public policy that has been highlighted all over the country’s educommunication conquest and even for presenting an analysis from concept when it is inserted in formal education through pedagogical projects. The study is defined as a qualitative research, with a descriptive explained design. During the collect and analysis from data, an use of documentation analysis were taken from: rules and ordinances published from 2007 to 2016; list of attributions from 2010 to 2016; and activity reports developed semiannually and/or annually from Mato Grosso’s schools with attributed professional, to develop the educommunicative at schools from 2014 and/or 2015. In general 199 documents were analyzed, from 99 schools, allocated in 44 cities from MatoGrosso state. An interview with the Educommunicative Project’s coordinator was done through a questionnaire, in 2017. On the data treatment, we used the content analysis technique. The results show that the educommunicative project from schools are coordinated by teachers, that work teaching and helping the students with pedagogical development and managers, in order to create educative ecosystems at school and develop the project regarding to interdisciplinary form. The academic concept of educommunication is not in the majority of the compositions from school documents, but the use the common sense to give north for their practices. From used medias, radio is present in 86 schools, but other medias are mentioned and it was noticed that schools use more than one in their educommunicative projects. It was identified a total of 12 (twelve) developed categories: school subject intern communication; entertainment ; language competence development (text production and interpretation, reading and oral expression); attach information content from external community and the world; use of medias as pedagogical-didactical instrument; develop competences for a critical media reading; formation directed to the use and manipulation of the medias; encourage the juvenile protagonism; approach of commemorative data, from daily transversal themes; community services; develop communicative ecosystems at school; evasion and violence cases minimizing at school. Through those data, it could be affirmed that the educommunicative projects at Mato Grosso are based on the common sense about the theme and a constant capacitation of the Educommunication Teachers is needed, in order that the theory and practice to be developed together. It was noticed that the projects have lots of purposes and it has been providing on individual experiences, satisfied results, and it has a constant analysis from the experiences done, attached to an academic base and it can contribute to amplify the policies from Mato Grosso state and it can be even taken as a model, in order to be applied in other places.
The present research is attached to a research segment: “Developing Process, teaching and learning” , from the Education Post Graduation Program from Sciences and Technology State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” and it had as a study object the educommunication developed through Mato Grosso’s state school projects. The general objective of the research was to identify and analyze the educommunication project at Mato Grosso ’s State Basic Education network. The specific objectives were: 1) Characterize and describe the “mato-grossense educommunicator’s profile” from the State Education network; 2) To evidence if/how the concept of educommunicationand others theoretical reference were used in the project; 3) Identify how the medias are used on the achievement of the projects. The research is justified for approaching a public policy that has been highlighted all over the country’s educommunication conquest and even for presenting an analysis from concept when it is inserted in formal education through pedagogical projects. The study is defined as a qualitative research, with a descriptive explained design. During the collect and analysis from data, an use of documentation analysis were taken from: rules and ordinances published from 2007 to 2016; list of attributions from 2010 to 2016; and activity reports developed semiannually and/or annually from Mato Grosso’s schools with attributed professional, to develop the educommunicative at schools from 2014 and/or 2015. In general 199 documents were analyzed, from 99 schools, allocated in 44 cities from MatoGrosso state. An interview with the Educommunicative Project’s coordinator was done through a questionnaire, in 2017. On the data treatment, we used the content analysis technique. The results show that the educommunicative project from schools are coordinated by teachers, that work teaching and helping the students with pedagogical development and managers, in order to create educative ecosystems at school and develop the project regarding to interdisciplinary form. The academic concept of educommunication is not in the majority of the compositions from school documents, but the use the common sense to give north for their practices. From used medias, radio is present in 86 schools, but other medias are mentioned and it was noticed that schools use more than one in their educommunicative projects. It was identified a total of 12 (twelve) developed categories: school subject intern communication; entertainment ; language competence development (text production and interpretation, reading and oral expression); attach information content from external community and the world; use of medias as pedagogical-didactical instrument; develop competences for a critical media reading; formation directed to the use and manipulation of the medias; encourage the juvenile protagonism; approach of commemorative data, from daily transversal themes; community services; develop communicative ecosystems at school; evasion and violence cases minimizing at school. Through those data, it could be affirmed that the educommunicative projects at Mato Grosso are based on the common sense about the theme and a constant capacitation of the Educommunication Teachers is needed, in order that the theory and practice to be developed together. It was noticed that the projects have lots of purposes and it has been providing on individual experiences, satisfied results, and it has a constant analysis from the experiences done, attached to an academic base and it can contribute to amplify the policies from Mato Grosso state and it can be even taken as a model, in order to be applied in other places.
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Palavras-chave
Educomunicação, Mídia-educação, Educação e Comunicação, Política Pública, Pedagogia de Projetos, Educommunication, Midia-education, Education and Communication, Public Policy, Project Pedagogy