Artigos - Morfologia - FOAR

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Biocompatibility, bioactive potential, porosity, and interface analysis calcium silicate repair cements in a dentin tube model
(2023-01-01) Inada, Rafaela Nanami Handa [UNESP]; Queiroz, Marcela Borsatto [UNESP]; Lopes, Camila Soares [UNESP]; Silva, Evelin Carine Alves [UNESP]; Torres, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves [UNESP]; da Silva, Guilherme Ferreira; Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Juliane Maria [UNESP]; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Tanomaru-Filho, Mário [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração (UNISAGRADO)
Objectives: This study is to evaluate biocompatibility, bioactive potential, porosity, and dentin/material interface of Bio-C Repair (BIOC-R), MTA Repair HP (MTAHP), and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). Materials and methods: Dentin tubes were implanted into subcutaneous of rats for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. Thickness of capsules, number of inflammatory cells (ICs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OCN), and von Kossa were evaluated. Porosity and material/dentin interface voids were also analyzed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05). Results: IRM capsules were thicker and contained greater ICs and IL-6-immunopositive cells at 7 and 15 days. BIOC-R capsules exhibited higher thickness and ICs at 7 days and greater IL-6 at 7 and 15 days than MTAHP (p < 0.05). At 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed among the groups. OCN-immunopositive cells, von Kossa-positive, and birefringent structures were observed in BIOC-R and MTAHP. MTAHP exhibited higher porosity and interface voids (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BIOC-R, MTAHP, and IRM are biocompatible. Bioceramics materials demonstrate bioactive potential. MTAHP presented the highest porosity and presence of voids. Clinical relevance: BIOC-R and MTAHP have adequate biological properties. BIOC-R demonstrated lower porosity and presence of voids, which may represent better sealing for its clinical applications.
Venlafaxine increases aromatization, reduces apical V-ATPase in clear cells and induces increased number of mast cells and smooth muscle cells death in rat cauda epididymis
(2023-02-15) da Silva, André Acácio Souza [UNESP]; de Santi, Fabiane; Hinton, Barry T.; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); School of Medicine
Depressive disorders (DD) have affected millions of people worldwide. Venlafaxine, antidepressant of the class of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, has been prescribed for the treatment of DD. In rat testes, venlafaxine induces testosterone (T) aromatization and increases estrogen levels. Aromatase is a key enzyme for the formation of estrogen in the epididymis, an essential organ for male fertility. We investigated the impact of serotonergic/noradrenergic venlafaxine effect on the epididymal cauda region, focusing on aromatase, V-ATPase and EGF epithelial immunoexpression, smooth muscle (SM) integrity and mast cells number (MCN). Male rats were distributed into control (CG; n = 10) and venlafaxine (VFG, n = 10) groups. VFG received 30 mg/kg b.w. of venlafaxine for 35 days. The epididymal cauda was processed for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) and estrogen alpha (Esr1), adrenergic (Adra1a) and serotonergic (Htr1b) receptors were analyzed. Clear cells (CCs) area, SM thickness, viable spermatozoa (VS) and MCN were evaluated. Apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL and TEM. The following immunoreactions were performed: T, aromatase, T/aromatase co-localization, V-ATPase, EGF, Cx43 and PCNA. The increased Adra1a and reduced Htr1b expressions confirmed the noradrenergic and serotonergic venlafaxine effects, respectively, corroborating the increased MCN, apoptosis and atrophy of SM. In VFG, the epithelial EGF increased, explaining Cx43 overexpression and basal cells mitotic activity. T aromatization and Esr1 downregulation indicate high estrogen levels, explaining CCs hypertrophy and changes in the V-ATPase localization, corroborating VS reduction. Thus, in addition to serotonergic/noradrenergic effects, T/estrogen imbalance, induced by venlafaxine, impairs epididymal structure and function.
Biodegradable scaffolds based on plant stems for application in regenerative medicine
(2023-01-01) Ferranti, Carolina Costa; Alves, Eduardo Donato; Lopes, Camila Soares [UNESP]; Montrezor, Luís Henrique; Carvalho, Antonio José Felix; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Trovatti, Eliane; University of Araraquara - UNIARA; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Several synthetic and natural materials have been studied for the confection of temporary grafts for application in regenerative medicine, however, the development of a material with adequate properties remains a challenge, mainly because its degradation kinetics in biological systems. Nature provides materials with noble properties that can be used as such for many applications, thus, taking advantage of the available morphology and assembled structures of plants, we propose to study the vegetable stems for use as temporary graft. Since the in vivo degradation is maybe one of the most important features of the temporary grafts, here we have implanted the plant stems from pumpkin, papaya, and castor into the subepithelial tissue of animals and followed their biodegradation process and the local inflammatory response. Mechanical tests, FTIR and contact angle with water were also analysed. The results indicated the mechanical properties and the contact angle were adequate for use in regenerative medicine. The results of the in vivo studies indicated a beneficial inflammatory process and a gradual disintegration of the materials within 60 days, suggesting the plants stems as new and potential materials for development of grafts for use in the field of regenerative medicine.
Participation of fibroblast growth factor-1 and interleukin-10 in connective tissue repair following subcutaneous implantation of bioceramic materials in rats
(2023-03-01) Delfino, Mateus Machado [UNESP]; Jampani, José Leandro de Abreu [UNESP]; Lopes, Camila Soares [UNESP]; Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Juliane Maria [UNESP]; Tanomaru-Filho, Mário [UNESP]; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Aim: To evaluate whether the bioceramic materials Bio-C Pulpo (Bio-C, Angelus) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP (MTA-HP, Angelus) induce fibroblast proliferation and release of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, stimulating connective tissue remodelling. The tissue response of Bio-C and MTA-HP was compared with the White MTA (WMTA; Angelus) since studies have demonstrated that WMTA induces tissue repair. Methodology: Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA were inserted into polyethylene tubes and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Holtzman rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. As a control group (CG), empty tubes were implanted subcutaneously. The number of fibroblasts (FB), Ki-67-, fibroblast growth factor-1- (FGF-1) and IL-10-immunolabelled cells and collagen content in the capsules was obtained. The data were subjected to two-way anova followed by Tukey's test (p ≤.05). Results: At 7 days, significant differences in the number of FB were not detected amongst Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA groups (p ˃.05). The capsules of all groups exhibited a significant increase in the number of FB and content of collagen over time. From 7 to 60 days, a significant reduction in the number of FGF-1- and Ki-67-immunolabelled cells was seen in the capsules of all specimens. In all periods, no significant difference in the number of FGF-1-immunolabelled cells was detected between Bio-C and CG specimens. At 60 days, significant differences in the immunoexpression of FGF-1 were not observed amongst the groups. At 7 and 15 days, the highest immunoexpression for Ki-67 was present in Bio-C specimens whilst, after 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed amongst the bioceramic materials. At 7 days, few IL-10 immunolabelled cells were present in the capsules of all specimens whereas, at 60 days, a significant increase in the IL-10-immunostaining was present in all groups. At 60 days, the Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA groups showed a greater number of IL-10-immunolabelled cells than in the CG specimens (p <.0001). Conclusions: Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA stimulate fibroblast proliferation, leading to the formation of collagen-rich capsules. FGF-1 and IL-10 may mediate the remodelling of capsules around Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA bioceramic materials.
Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of an experimental tricalcium silicate-based cement in comparison with Bio-C repair and MTA Repair HP materials
(2023-02-01) Queiroz, Marcela Borsatto [UNESP]; Inada, Rafaela N. H. [UNESP]; Jampani, José Leandro de Abreu [UNESP]; Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Juliane Maria [UNESP]; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Tanomaru-Filho, Mário [UNESP]; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Aim: To evaluate the tissue reaction of a tricalcium silicate-based repair material associated with 30% calcium tungstate (TCS + CaWO4) in comparison to Bio-C Repair (Bio-C; Angelus) and to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP; Angelus). Methodology: Polyethylene tubes filled with one of the materials or left empty (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days (n = 32/group). The capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells, collagen content, interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa reaction and analysis under polarized light were evaluated. The data were subjected to generalized linear models for repeated measures, except the OCN. OCN data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test and Friedman followed by Nemenyi's test at significance level of 5%. Results: At all time points, significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells were not observed between TCS + CaWO4 and Bio-C, whereas, at 15, 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was detected between TCS + CaWO4 and MTA HP. At all periods, significant differences were not detected in the number of fibroblasts in TCS + CaWO4 versus MTA HP, and, at 60 days, no significant difference was demonstrated between these groups and CG. Significant differences in the immunoexpression of IL-6 were not detected amongst bioceramic materials at all periods. From 7 to 60 days, significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells, number of IL-6-immunopositive cells and in the capsule thickness was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen in all groups. OCN-immunolabelled cells, von Kossa-positive structures and amorphous calcite deposits were observed around all materials, whereas, in the CG, these structures were not seen. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the experimental material (TCS + CaWO4) is biocompatible and has a bioactive potential, similar to the MTA HP and Bio-C Repair, and suggest its use as a root repair material.
Analysis of GLT6D1 and CDKN2BAS gene polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with advanced periodontitis
(2022-01-01) Rodrigues, Richelle Soares; Rêgo, Rodrigo; Caminaga, Raquel Mantuaneli Scarel [UNESP]; Goveia, Jéssica Marina [UNESP]; Silveira, Virginia Régia Souza; Dentistry and Nursing; Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC. School of Dentistry at Sobral; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Gene polymorphisms can predispose to periodontal disease, as demonstrated by the well-documented association between aggressive periodontitis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as rs153745 in the GLT6D1 gene and rs3217992 in the CDKN2BAS gene. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of these SNPs in Brazilian patients with advanced periodontitis (stages III/IV, Grade B/C) vs. healthy controls. A total of 100 patients with periodontitis (Group BC) were enrolled. Of these, 51 patients were classified as stage III and 49 patients were classified as stage IV, and 52 were Grade B (Group B) and 48 were Grade C (Group C). The control Group consisted of 61 healthy subjects. DNA samples extracted from buccal epithelial cells were used to genotype the SNPs rs1537415 (GLT6D1) and rs3217992 (CDKN2BAS) by real-time quantitative PCR. No significant differences in polymorphism frequency were found between the control Group and each of the patient groups (BC, B, or C), and Group B did not differ from Group C. In conclusion, the evaluated SNPs had no significant influence on the prevalence of periodontal disease in the sampled Brazilian population.
Diacerein-induced interleukin-1β deficiency reduces the inflammatory infiltrate and immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in periodontitis in rat molars
(2022-01-01) Silva, Renata Cristina Lima [UNESP]; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Background: Periodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disease that involves the release of cytokines and enzymes, including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Diacerein is an anti-IL-1 drug used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether diacerein suppresses the inflammatory reaction and reduces the collagen degradation in the gingival connective tissue in periodontitis. Methods: Fifty-four male rats were distributed into three groups (n = 18 animals/group): 1) periodontitis + diacerein group (PDG), 2) periodontitis + saline group (PSG) and control Group (CG; without treatment). Periodontitis was induced for 7 days in the upper right first molars; after 7 days, the animals of PDG received 100 mg/kg of diacerein while in PSG, the animals received saline solution for 7, 15, and 30 days. The animals were killed and fragments of maxilla containing the right molars were processed for paraffin embedding. In hematoxlin & eosin-stained sections, the volume density of inflammatory cells (VvIC) and fibroblasts (VvFb) in the gingival mucosa, the distances between the junctional epithelium (JE) to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the CEJ to the alveolar process crest (AP) were obtained. The number of IL-1β‒ and MMP-8‒immunolabeled cells, and collagen content in the gingival mucosa were computed. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The PDG and PSG rats showed a significant increase in the distances of JE-CEJ and CEJ-AP. In all periods, the VvIC, the number of IL-1β‒ and MMP-8‒immunolabeled cells was significantly lower in PDG than in PSG while the collagen content was significantly greater in PDG than PSG. At 30 days, significant differences in the IL-1β immunoexpression, collagen content, and in the MMP-8 immunostaining were not seen between PDG and CG groups. Conclusions: Our results show an inhibitory effect of diacerein on IL-1β in the inflamed gingival mucosa of rat molars, decreasing the inflammatory infiltrate and immunoexpression of MMP-8, and restoring the collagen content.
Bilateral asymmetry in bullfrog testes and fat bodies: correlations with steroidogenic activity, mast cells number and structural proteins
(2022-04-01) Dias, Andressa Baggio [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Salmo Azambuja; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
In seasonal breeders, such as amphibians, testicular functions depend on complex processes that change according to seasonality, including Leydig cell (LC) differentiation and lipid-dependent steroidogenesis, extracellular proteins remodeling and actin-dependent cellular dynamics. Speculating that fat bodies (FB) could support some of these processes in L. catesbeianus, we evaluated bilaterally the FB weights, correlating them to testicular parameters such as weight, testosterone (T) immunoexpression, mast cells (MC) number, vascularization and structural proteins. In an attempt to better understand the testicular asymmetry in amphibians, correlations between these different testicular parameters were also established. Right testes (RT), left testes (LT) and associated FB of bullfrogs were weighed, and testes were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Collagen content (COL) and MC number were quantified. T and actin immunoexpressions and vascular areas were measured. Statistical analyses and Pearson's correlation were performed. The LT and its associated FB were heavier than the right ones, and showed intense T and actin immunoexpressions, numerous lipid-rich LC, and greater MC number, COL and vascularization than the RT. Positive correlations were detected between: a) FB and testis weights, b) T immunoexpression and testis and FB weights, c) T and actin immunoexpressions and COL. Otherwise, MC number was inversely correlated to T immunoexpression and COL. In right and left sides, the proportional correlation between T immunoexpression and FB weight suggests that FB-stored lipid amount depends on the steroidogenic demand of its associated testis. Thus, the asymmetry in the testes and FB may be associated, at least in part, to the LC steroidogenic activity, which tends to be more intense in LT than in RT. The results also point to a role of COL and mast cells in the LC differentiation and steroidogenesis. Actin was also greater in LT and correlated with T immunoexpression, indicating that the amount of this structural protein depends on androgenic control. Therefore, the testicular asymmetry in bullfrogs seems to be associated to different morphofunctional processes occurring, bilaterally, at different intensities. In this case, there is a tendency of LT, in association with its FB, to be more active than RT. The findings highlight the FB-testis interplay for the comprehension of reproduction in amphibians.
Hepatic enzymes and immunoinflammatory response to Bio-C Temp bioceramic intracanal medication implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats
(2022-12-01) Lopes, Camila Soares [UNESP]; Delfino, Mateus Machado [UNESP]; Tanomaru-Filho, Mário [UNESP]; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Juliane Maria [UNESP]; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Our purpose was to evaluate the biocompatibility and hepatotoxicity of a new bioceramic intracanal medicament, Bio-C Temp (BIO). The biological properties of BIO were compared with calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicament (Calen; CAL), used as gold pattern. Polyethylene tubes filled with BIO or CAL, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the samples were embedded in paraffin for morphological, quantitative and immunohistochemistry analyses. At 7 and 60 days, blood samples were collected for analysis of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was detected in serum GOT and GPT levels among BIO, CAL and CG specimens. In all periods, BIO specimens exhibited lower number of inflammatory cells and immunoexpression of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, than CAL specimens. The reduction of these parameters was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen content and in the immunoexpression of IL-10, a cytokine involved in the tissue repair, over time. Our findings indicate that Bio-C Temp is biocompatible and had no hepatotoxicity effect.
Impaired macrophages and failure of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in rat testes with cytokines deficiency induced by diacerein
(2021-01-01) de Oliveira, Salmo Azambuja; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The role of cytokines in testicular function under normal conditions has not been completely understood. Here, we evaluated testicular macrophages (TM), steroidogenesis by Leydig cells (LC) and seminiferous tubules integrity in cytokines-deficient rat testes induced by diacerein, an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Male rats received daily 100 mg/kg of diacerein (DIAG; n = 8) or saline (CG; n = 8) for 30 days. Serum testosterone (T) levels were measured and the seminiferous tubule (ST) area, epithelial area (EA), frequency of damaged ST and number of Sertoli cells (SC) were evaluated. TUNEL method and immunoreactions for detection of pro-IL-1β, TNF-α, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), androgen receptor (AR) and scavenger receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes (CD163), a TM marker, were performed. Testicular AR, 17β-HSD and IL-1β levels were detected by Western blot. Data were submitted to Student t test (p ≤ 0.05). In DIAG, T and testicular AR, 17β-HSD and IL-1β levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive interstitial cells increased and LC showed weak StAR, 17β-HSD and AR immunoexpression in association with reduced IL-1β immunoexpression and number of CD163-positive TM in the interstitial tissue from diacerein-treated rats. Numerous damaged ST were found in DIAG, and reduction in the EA were associated with germ cells death. Moreover, the number of SC reduced and weak AR and TNF-α immunoexpression was observed in SC and germ cells, respectively. The cytokines deficiency induced by diacerein impairs TM, LC and spermatogenesis, and points to a role of IL-1β in steroidogenesis under normal conditions. In the ST, the weak AR and TNF-α immunoexpression in SC and germ cells, respectively, reinforces the idea that TNF-α plays a role in the SC androgenic control.
Central cellular signaling pathways involved with the regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver: A review
(2020-01-01) Lopes, Rute [UNESP]; Santana, Moema Souza [UNESP]; da Cruz, Carla Rios [UNESP]; Fulindi, Rafael Bianchini [UNESP]; Gaspar, Ana Maria Minarelli [UNESP]; da Costa, Paulo Inácio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The liver is primarily responsible for energy homeostasis and the regulation of lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Lipid metabolism consists of distributing lipids to peripheral tissues or ensuring their return to the liver to be reprocessed. Additionally, cellular metabolism is regulated by several molecules in different signaling pathways. Lipid homeostasis in the liver is mainly regulated by AKT, AMPK, SREBP, PPAR, and JNK. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway results in the biosynthesis of macromolecules and regulates lipogenesis and the expression of lipogenic genes. AMPK is an energy sensor that regulates metabolism and is activated when stored ATP is depleted, and it is responsible for the suppression of several key lipogenic factors in the liver related to cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. SREBPs control lipogenic gene expression and cholesterol metabolism and act in the nutritional regulation of fatty acids and triglycerides. The continued activation of SREBPs is associated with cellular stress, inflammation and ultimately steatosis. PPARs are intrinsically important regulators of lipid metabolism. These genes are essential to various metabolic processes, especially lipid and glucose homeostasis, and can play a role in cell differentiation. JNK signaling is related to insulin resistance and its activation results in decreased mitochondrial activity and fat accumulation. Therefore, the study of cell signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and liver function may help to identify abnormalities and develop strategies to manage and regulate metabolic disorders and resulting complications.
Localización del foramen mandibular según la cantidad de los alvéolos dentales
(2012-01-01) Valente, Vitor Bonetti [UNESP]; Arita, Welton Massato [UNESP]; Gonçalves, Pedro César Garcia [UNESP]; Campos, Juliana Álvares Duarte Bonini [UNESP]; Capote, Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomotopographic location of the mandibular foramen in the right and left ramus, and to verify the influence of the amount of dental alveoli on the foramen position. Thirty-five adult dry human mandibles of Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University were assessed, with or without dental alveoli. Measurements were obtained, using a ruler and a digital caliper. The following distances were measured: FI - distance between the lowest point of the mandibular incisure and the mandibular foramen (F point); FB - distance between the mandibular base and F point; FP - distance between the posterior margin of the ramus and F point; FA - distance between the anterior margin of the ramus and F point; FT - distance between the apex of the retromolar trigone and F point. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare each measurement according to hemi-arch, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the influence of the presence of alveoli on the measures. For multiple comparison, Dunn's method was used. There was no statistically significant difference in the location of the mandibular foramen when compared to the right and left hemi-arches. The amount of dental alveoli influenced, significantly, only on FA and FP distances. Thus, it was concluded that the right and left mandibular ramus showed symmetry in the location of the mandibular foramen, and the amount of alveoli influenced on the distances of the anterior and posterior margins of the mandibular ramus, in relation to the mandibular foramen.
Displasia cleidocraneal - Reporte de caso
(2008-01-01) Alves, Nilton [UNESP]; Oliveira, Reinaldo de; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Bandeirante
The cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare disease which can occur either spontaneously or by a dominant autosomal inheritance, with no predilection of genre or ethnic group. The odontologist is, most of the times, the first professional who patients look for to solve the problem, since there is a delay in the eruption and /or an absence of permanent teeth. In the case related in this work, this was the reason why the patient looked for treatment. Many others odontological problems are also present in this syndrome, such as, supernumerary teeth, retained teeth, with shape deviation and absence of deciduous teeth resorption. The premature diagnosis allows a proper orientation for the treatment, offering a better life quality for the patient.
Developing diagnostic skills from preclinical dental education: Caries detection and assessment using e-learning assisted practice
(2022-01-01) Escobar, Alfonso; Rojas-Gualdrón, Diego F.; Velez, Luis F.; Santos-Pinto, Lourdes [UNESP]; CES University; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of developing visual diagnostic skills for detecting and assessing dental caries using e-learning assisted practice in preclinical dental education. Methods: A one-group before and after the study was conducted. After a theoretical lesson on cariology, 53 inexperienced second-year preclinical students assessed 78 clinical photographs using the Nyvad criteria; they received automated feedback upon completion of the test. After a week, all students reassessed the same set of photographs, which were randomly reordered. Differential diagnostic accuracy was analyzed category-pairwise, and overall accuracy measures were based on the receiver operator curve. Diagnostic accuracy in both attempts was evaluated and compared through estimation and pooling of individual student accuracies. Results: Pooled category-pairwise accuracy was lower for discriminating Sound surface from Non-cavitated-active caries, and for discriminating inactive caries (surface discontinuity) from intact surface inactive caries and Cavitated-active caries. Pooled overall accuracy, after the theoretical lesson, was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.81), and it increased to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) after feedback. Between-student variability in accuracy was reduced from I2= 0.66 to 0.55. Conclusion: E-learning assisted practice is a feasible alternative to start developing visual diagnostic skills for detecting and assessing dental caries using the Nyvad criteria from preclinical dental education in cariology. However, further studies are required to evaluate its effectiveness in improving real-world practice knowledge and skills.
Obesity influences the proteome of periodontal ligament tissues following periodontitis induction in rats
(2022-01-01) Lopes, Maria Eduarda Scordamaia [UNESP]; Marcantonio, Camila Chierici [UNESP]; de Molon, Rafael Scaf [UNESP]; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]; Salmon, Cristiane Ribeiro; Mofatto, Luciana Souto; Nociti Junior, Francisco Humberto; Deschner, James; Cirelli, Joni Augusto [UNESP]; Nogueira, Andressa Vilas Boas [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University
Background and Objectives: Many studies have been conducted to better understand the molecular mechanism involved with periodontitis progression. There has been growing interest in the potential impact of obesity on periodontitis onset and progression, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to determine the impact of obesity on experimentally induced periodontitis in rats and identify novel pathways involved. Methods: Sixteen Holtzman rats were distributed into two groups (n = 8): ligature-induced periodontitis (P) and obesity plus ligature-induced periodontitis (OP). Obesity was induced by a high-fat diet for 70 days, whereas periodontitis was induced for 20 days, with a cotton thread placed around the upper first molars bilaterally. Alveolar bone loss was measured by microtomographic analysis and histologically by histometry on the hemimaxillae. The protein composition of the periodontal ligament was evaluated by proteomic analysis. Results: Data analysis (body weight, adipose tissue weight, and blood test) confirmed obesity induction, whereas bone loss was confirmed by micro-CT and histologic analyses. Proteome analysis from the periodontal ligament tissues (PDL) identified 819 proteins, 53 exclusive to the P group, 28 exclusive to the OP group, and 738 commonly expressed. Validation was performed by immunohistochemistry for selected proteins (spondin1, vinculin, and TRAP). Conclusion: Histologically, it was found that obesity did not significantly affect bone loss resulting from periodontitis. However, the present study's findings indicated that obesity affects the proteome of PDL submitted to experimental periodontitis, allowing for identifying potential targets for personalized approaches.
Effects of continuous and pulsed infrared laser application on bone repair using different energy doses. Study in rats
(2008-01-01) Almeida-Lopes, L.; Pretel, H. [UNESP]; Moraes, V.; Jurgens, P.; Ramalho, L. [UNESP]; Sader, R.; NUPEN, Research and Education Center for Photo Therapy in Health Sciences; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Hightech Forschungs Zentrum
The Laser Therapy effects on the cellular proliferation are extensively searched and widely known. However, there are controversies on the best out put power used in the applications, the ideal fluency and irradiance, better emission mode and the adequate number of sessions in order to obtain the best results. The aim of this paper was to search for the best application fluency and emission mode, using an infrared laser in the repair of bone defects in the rat tibia. Thus, the histological quality of the neo-formed bone was evaluated by analysis using common optic microscopy and polarized light. Application Parameters: 100 mW, 830 nm, spot diameter = 0,06 nm, CW and 10 Hz, 3 sessions with 72 h of interval, energies and respective fluencies: 2 J =70 J/cm 2 4 J =140 J/cm2, 6 J =210 J/cm2, 8 J =160 J/cm2, 10 J =200 J/cm2. Conclusions: Laser Therapy has increased and accelerated the time bone repairing process (in the initial period of 10 days). This laser effect showed to be dose-dependent with the presence of an effective therapeutic window presenting biostimulation of the bone tissue between 4J and 8 J of total energy for both emission mode. The use of the laser with 10 J of energy generated, characterized by the bioinhibition of the tissues (in the initial period of 10 days). This inhibition took place at the exact irradiation spot).
Morphometric study of the root anatomy in furcation area of mandibular first molars
(2012-01-01) Marcaccini, Andréa Marcia [UNESP]; Pavanelo, Ângela; Nogueira, Andressa Vilas Boas [UNESP]; de Souza, Joa̧o Antonio Chaves [UNESP]; Porciúncula, Hélio Ferraz [UNESP]; Cirelli, Joni Augusto [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Private Practice
Furcation involvement in periodontal disease has been a challenge for the dentist. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate root dimensions in the furcation area of 233 mandibular first molars. Material and Methods: Digital photomicrographs were used to obtain the following measurements on the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth: root trunk height (RT), horizontal interadicular distance obtained 1 mm (D1) and 2 mm (D2) below the fornix and interadicular angle (IA). Results: Mean± standard deviation of buccal and lingual furcation measurements were, respectively, 1.37±0.78 mm and 2.04±0.89 mm for RT; 0.86±0.39 mm and 0.71±0.42 mm for D1; 1.50±0.48 mm and 1.38±0.48 mm for D2; 41.68±13.20° and 37.78±13.18° for IA. Statistically significant differences were found between all measured parameters for buccal and lingual sides (p<0.05, paired t test). Conclusions: In conclusion, the lingual furcation of mandibular first molars presented narrower entrance and longer root trunk than the buccal furcation, suggesting more limitation for instrumentation and worse prognosis to lingual furcation involvements in comparison to buccal lesions.
Estudio del trayecto descendente del nervio bucal en individuos adultos
(2009-01-01) Alves, Nilton [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The knowledge of the buccal nerve anatomy is of fundamental importance not only for the anesthesia but also for a safe intervention in the retromolar area. The aim of this work was to study its trajectory, in the area where it is related to the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible, therefore providing important data for a safe intervention in the region. In this study we used 10 hemi-heads from male and female adults, from different ethnic groups. They were fixed in formol, and belong to the Anatomy Laboratory at the Faculty of Dentistry in Araraquara UNESP. These hemi-heads were dissected by lateral access, preserving the buccal nerve in its trajectory related to the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible until its penetration in the buccinator muscle. Next, we desinserted the masseter muscle so that all the ramus of the mandible were exposed. Then, the following measurements were carried out: from the base of the mandible until the buccal nerve and from the base of the mandible until the apices of the mandibular coronoid process. These measurements were accomplished with a Mitutoyo CD-6 CS digital paquimeter. The following average values were obtained: 32.26 mm (to the left side) and 32.04 mm (to the right side), from the base of the mandible until the buccal nerve and 59.09 mm (to the left side) and 58.95 mm (to the right side) from the base of the mandible until the apices of the coronoid process. We have concluded that normally, the buccal nerve crosses the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible in an area which is above the superior half of the ramus of the mandible and also that the interventions in the retromolar region do not offer great risks of injury in the buccal nerve.
Avaliação histológica da biocompatibilidade do polímero da mamona no dorso nasal de macacos-pregos (Cebus apella)
(2009-01-01) De Jesus Dias, Paulo Cesar; Granato, Lidio; De Oliveira Ramalho, Lizeti De Toledo [UNESP]; De Oliveira, José Américo [UNESP]; Pretel, Hermes [UNESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Bone tissue lesions can be caused by congenital and acquired factors, and result in nasal deformities with cosmetic and functional repercussion. Surgical treatment in these cases frequently requires complex reconstructions and the use of biomaterials. The polyurethane derived from castor beans (Ricinus communis) has a favorable formulation in terms of ease of processing, flexibility, no emission of toxic vapors and low cost. Nonetheless, despite favorable results, studies about the use of castor beam polymer (Ricinus communis) assessing tissue reaction on the nasal dorsum are still missing in the literature. Aim: the goal of the present investigation is to histologically assess the Ricinus communis polymer implant biocompatibility with the nasal dorsum. Study design: experimental. Materials and Methods: we used four Cebus appela monkeys, in which we created a nasal dorsal defect in all the animals and there we placed the aforementioned implant. The animals were sacrificed 270 days after surgery and the samples were submitted to histological study. Results: in the histology analysis we did not observe the presence of foreign body granulomas or phagocytic cells. We also observed a progressive bone formation and maturation. Conclusion: macroscopic and microscopic results showed that the castor oil polymer implant was biocompatible. © Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia.
Study about the development of the temporomandibular joint in the human fetuses
(2008-01-01) Alves, Nilton [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a highly specialized articulation that differs from all the other synovial articulations for many reasons. In children, different from what we observe in adults, these articulations have rarely been studied under the morphofunctional aspect, mainly in the embryonary and fetal stages. In this study 10 fetuses with ages varying from 16 to 39 weeks of intrauterine life were used, and it could be observed that the fibers and thickness of the articular disc, as well as the articular capsule and the condylar process, suffer modifications according to age. It was also observed that the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle inserts itself in the articular disc and capsule in all the ages studied. Also, the maturation, of the articular tissues, especially of the articular disc, as well as, the associated muscles, suggests that the TMJ was able to carry out mandibular movements since the 24th week of intrauterine life.

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