Conhecimento das mulheres sobre os possíveis danos associados à exposição fetal ao álcool: uma avaliação intermunicipal
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Data
2018-05-25
Autores
Bakargi, Giselle Morais Lima
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Serviço Social é uma profissão atuante no âmbito da saúde e está qualificada para tal. O consumo de álcool atinge índices cada vez mais altos e, por consequência do seu efeito teratogênico, quando consumido por gestantes é capaz de causar malformação fetal, o conjunto desses efeitos compõem o Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal, estima-se que ocorram mais de 40.000 nascimentos de bebês acometidos por esses danos. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o nível atual de conhecimento sobre os possíveis danos relacionados a exposição ao álcool durante a gestação, na população feminina de duas cidades brasileira, Anápolis/GO e Franca/SP. O método empregado é de caráter não experimental, transversal e descritivo. Para levantamento de dados foram utilizados uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e um questionário de avaliação do conhecimento baseado no “FASD Questionnaire”, instrumento desenvolvido e aplicado em pesquisas canadenses. A amostra total foi composta por 105 mulheres, 51 residentes em Anápolis e 54 em Franca. Os resultados deste estudo apontaram que, de acordo com as participantes, os comportamentos mais importantes que as mulheres grávidas podem fazer para aumentar a probabilidade de ter um bebê saudável englobam: 1º Fazer o pré-natal (35,3%); 2º e 3º Ter boa nutrição (32,4% e 16,2%, respectivamente). Diminuir ou parar de consumir álcool no período gestacional foi considerado com a primeira atitude a ser colocada em prática por menos de 1% da amostra total. Ocorreu prevalência de uma crença unânime de que quanto mais álcool uma mulher grávida ingere, mais danos isso poderá causar ao bebê (93,3%), e que o uso de álcool durante a gravidez leva a deficiências ao longo da vida em uma criança (90,5%). Esse índice cai para 47,6% quando sugere o consumo de pequenas quantidades. 46,7% informou que os efeitos relacionados a essa exposição são evidentes. 82,9% da amostra relatou nunca ter ouvido falar da Síndrome Fetal Alcoólica, que é o caso mais grave do espectro, e 80%, das mulheres mães entrevistadas, informou que não recebeu nenhuma orientação médica sobre o assunto. Conclui-se que a execução de novos estudos, o desenvolvimento e a implementação de novos projetos que abordam a prevenção e o cuidado com milhares de crianças e adultos que possuem esse distúrbio do desenvolvimento precisam considerar a atenção às mulheres em idade fértil, não apenas as gestantes. As estratégias preventivas podem incluir atividades como promoção de saúde da população, medidas de controle de álcool, abordagens de conscientização multifacetária entre outros esforços de educação.
Social Work is a profession that is active in health and is qualified for it. The consumption of alcohol reaches increasingly high levels and, as a consequence of its teratogenic effect, when consumed by pregnant women is capable of causing fetal malformation, all these effects make up the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, it is estimated that occur more than 40,000 births of babies affected by such damages. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the current level of knowledge about possible damages related to exposure to alcohol during gestation in the female population of two Brazilian cities, Anápolis/GO and Franca/SP. The method used is non-experimental, transversal and descriptive. For data collection, a socio-demographic data sheet and a questionnaire were used to evaluate the knowledge based on the FASD Questionnaire, an instrument developed and applied in Canadian research. The total sample consisted of 105 women, 51 residents in Annapolis and 54 in France. The results of this study indicate that, according to participants, the most important behaviors that pregnant women can do to increase the probability of having a healthy baby include: 1) Prenatal care (35.3%); 2nd and 3rd Have good nutrition (32.4% and 16.2%, respectively). Decrease or stop consuming alcohol in the gestational period was considered with the first attitude to be put into practice by less than 1% of the total sample. There was a prevalence of a unanimous belief that the more alcohol a pregnant woman eats, the more damage this can cause to the baby (93.3%), and that alcohol use during pregnancy leads to lifetime disability in a child (90.5%). This index drops to 47.6% when it suggests the consumption of small quantities. 46.7% reported that the effects related to this exposure are evident. 82.9% of the sample reported never having heard of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which is the most severe case of the spectrum, and 80% of the mothers interviewed reported that they received no medical advice on the subject. It is concluded that the implementation of new studies, the development and implementation of new projects that address the prevention and care of thousands of children and adults who have this developmental disorder need to consider the attention to women of childbearing age, not only the pregnant women.Preventive strategies may include activities such as population health promotion, alcohol control measures, multifaceted awareness approaches, and other education efforts.
Social Work is a profession that is active in health and is qualified for it. The consumption of alcohol reaches increasingly high levels and, as a consequence of its teratogenic effect, when consumed by pregnant women is capable of causing fetal malformation, all these effects make up the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, it is estimated that occur more than 40,000 births of babies affected by such damages. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the current level of knowledge about possible damages related to exposure to alcohol during gestation in the female population of two Brazilian cities, Anápolis/GO and Franca/SP. The method used is non-experimental, transversal and descriptive. For data collection, a socio-demographic data sheet and a questionnaire were used to evaluate the knowledge based on the FASD Questionnaire, an instrument developed and applied in Canadian research. The total sample consisted of 105 women, 51 residents in Annapolis and 54 in France. The results of this study indicate that, according to participants, the most important behaviors that pregnant women can do to increase the probability of having a healthy baby include: 1) Prenatal care (35.3%); 2nd and 3rd Have good nutrition (32.4% and 16.2%, respectively). Decrease or stop consuming alcohol in the gestational period was considered with the first attitude to be put into practice by less than 1% of the total sample. There was a prevalence of a unanimous belief that the more alcohol a pregnant woman eats, the more damage this can cause to the baby (93.3%), and that alcohol use during pregnancy leads to lifetime disability in a child (90.5%). This index drops to 47.6% when it suggests the consumption of small quantities. 46.7% reported that the effects related to this exposure are evident. 82.9% of the sample reported never having heard of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which is the most severe case of the spectrum, and 80% of the mothers interviewed reported that they received no medical advice on the subject. It is concluded that the implementation of new studies, the development and implementation of new projects that address the prevention and care of thousands of children and adults who have this developmental disorder need to consider the attention to women of childbearing age, not only the pregnant women.Preventive strategies may include activities such as population health promotion, alcohol control measures, multifaceted awareness approaches, and other education efforts.
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Saúde Materno Infantil, Álcool, Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal, Síndrome Fetal Alcoólica, Serviço Social, Maternal and Child Health, Alcohol, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Social work