Análise integrada de topossequência aplicada para o conhecimento do solo e adequação ao uso (PDS Santa Helena, São Carlos-SP)
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Data
2018-09-11
Autores
Cardozo, Fernanda Esteves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso e conservação dos solos está relacionado intimamente ao conhecimento das propriedades e características das coberturas pedológicas. A perda de solo fértil é uma das principais causas de insegurança alimentar, pobreza e instabilidade social e política nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi a avaliação integrada entre as características e funcionamento da cobertura pedológica e a Avaliação Rural Participativa (PRA), no assentamento PDS Santa Helena (São Carlos, SP), visando a identificação de problemas e um possível direcionamento na gestão da terra na escala de topossequência. O estudo de campo seguiu a proposta de Análise Estrutural da Cobertura Pedológica com a definição das propriedades macromorfológicas in situ. Análises micromorfológicas foram realizadas para melhor detalhamento dos processos pedológicos. Análises físicas (teor de umidade e granulometria) e químicas (complexo sortivo) foram feitas adicionalmente para avaliação de fertilidade. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, caminhadas transversais e reuniões, realizou-se a Avaliação Rural Participativa (PRA), que constituiu a parte etnopedológica da avaliação integrada da topossequência. O resultado foi a elaboração de uma legenda integrativa entre os sistemas de estudo local e científico. O uso da abordagem participativa neste trabalho revelou a capacidade analítica, conhecimento prévio e sensibilização aos manejos ecológicos por parte dos agricultores. O estabelecimento de uma comunicação eficiente entre esses sistemas é fundamental para a gestão adequada da terra e direcionada à utilização racional e sustentável dos recursos naturais.
The use and conservation of soils is closely related to the knowledge of the properties and characteristics of the soil coverages. Loss of fertile soil is a major cause of food insecurity, poverty and social and political instability in developing countries. The objective of this research was the integrated evaluation between the characteristics and functioning of the pedological cover and the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), in the PDS settlement of Santa Helena (São Carlos, SP), aiming to identify problems and a possible direction in land management on the toposequence scale. The field study followed the proposal of Structural Analysis of Pedological Coverage with the definition of macromorphological properties in situ. Micromorphological analyzes were performed to better detail the pedological processes. Physical analyzes (moisture content and granulometry) and chemical (sortative complex) were additionally done for fertility evaluation. Through semi-structured interviews, transect walks and meetings; the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was carried out, which constituted the ethnopedological part of the integrated toposequence analysis. The result was the elaboration of an integrative legend between the systems of local and scientific study. The use of the participatory approach in this work revealed the analytical capacity, prior knowledge and awareness of the farmers' ecological management. The establishment of efficient communication between these systems is fundamental to the proper management of land and to rational and sustainable use of the natural resources.
The use and conservation of soils is closely related to the knowledge of the properties and characteristics of the soil coverages. Loss of fertile soil is a major cause of food insecurity, poverty and social and political instability in developing countries. The objective of this research was the integrated evaluation between the characteristics and functioning of the pedological cover and the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), in the PDS settlement of Santa Helena (São Carlos, SP), aiming to identify problems and a possible direction in land management on the toposequence scale. The field study followed the proposal of Structural Analysis of Pedological Coverage with the definition of macromorphological properties in situ. Micromorphological analyzes were performed to better detail the pedological processes. Physical analyzes (moisture content and granulometry) and chemical (sortative complex) were additionally done for fertility evaluation. Through semi-structured interviews, transect walks and meetings; the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was carried out, which constituted the ethnopedological part of the integrated toposequence analysis. The result was the elaboration of an integrative legend between the systems of local and scientific study. The use of the participatory approach in this work revealed the analytical capacity, prior knowledge and awareness of the farmers' ecological management. The establishment of efficient communication between these systems is fundamental to the proper management of land and to rational and sustainable use of the natural resources.
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Palavras-chave
Assentamentos rurais, Avaliação rural participativa, Processos pedológicos, Agricultura, Rural settlements, Participatory rural appraisal, Pedological processes, Agriculture