Extração e identificação química de colorantes naturais produzidos por Talaromyces amestolkiae
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Data
2018-11-08
Autores
Torres, Fábio Aurélio Esteves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Colorantes sintéticos têm sido cada vez mais substituídos pelos colorantes naturais em diversos produtos industriais, pois os últimos apresentam efeitos desejáveis à saúde e podem possuir atividades biológicas. Neste cenário, o fungo filamentoso Talaromyces amestolkiae apresenta-se como uma fonte alternativa de colorantes naturais por não ser micotoxigênico. Assim, técnicas eficientes para a extração e/ou purificação destes biocompostos do meio fermentado são de grande interesse visando sua aplicação industrial. O objetivo deste travalho foi definir a estrutura química do colorante produzido por T. amestolkiae e avaliar Sistemas Micelares de Duas Fases Aquosas (SMDFA) como técnica de extração. Em relação a molécula do colorante, esta foi purificada por técnicas espectrométricas e espectroscópicas e apresentou massa de 542 u, absorção máxima em 544 nm e pertence a classe dos policetídeos. Avaliou-se a estabilidade do colorante vermelho presente no meio fermentado de T. amestolkiae e verificou-se que o mesmo é estável na faixa de temperatura de 25 a 65°C, na presença de altas concentrações do surfactante não iônico TX-114 (1-15% m/m) e dos líquidos iônicos da família dos imidazólios (0,1, 0,5 e 1,0M), porém, a molécula foi estável somente em baixas concentrações de LIs da família das colinas (0,1M). Em relação às partições por SMDFA composto por Triton X-114 e LI como surfactante iônico (família dos imidazólios) ou adjuvante (família das colinas), baixas concentrações de LI, independente da família avaliada, aumentaram o coeficiente de partição do colorante vermelho (aproximadamente, 3 vezes para a família dos imidazólios e de 3,5 vezes para a família das colinas). A influência da temperatura na partição do colorante vermelho também foi estudada e verificou-se que sistemas incubados a 45ºC apresentaram coeficiente de partição, aproximadamente, 4 vezes superior que aqueles incubados a 25ºC. Como conclusão final, novos colorantes fungícos com diferentes estruturas químicas para aplicações em diversos segmentos industriais podem ser obtidos e sistemas micelares de duas fases aquosas apresentam-se como método de extração alternativo eficiente para recuperação destes colorantes do meio fermentado.
Synthetic colorants have been increasingly replaced by natural ones in several industrial products, since the last have lower adverse health effects and may present biological activities. In this scenario, the filamentous fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae is an alternative source of natural colorants for being non-mycotoxigenic. Thus, efficient techniques for the extraction and/or purification of these biocompounds from the fermented medium are of great interest aiming their industrial application. The objective of this work was to purify natural colorants from the fermented medium of T. amestolkiae by liquidliquid extraction with organic solvents in order to determine the chemical structure of these compounds and to evaluate aqueous micellar two-phase systems (AMTPS) as an alternative extraction technique. In relation to the colorant molecule, it has a mass of 542 u, maximum absorption at 544 nm and structure similar to N-GABA-PP-V molecule of the polyketide class, with an additional glutamic acid chain. In the literature, there are no previous reports of this molecule. The stability of the red colorant present in the fermented medium of T. amestolkiae was evaluated and it was found to be stable in temperature range of 25 to 65 °C, in the presence of high concentration of the non-ionic surfactant TX-114 (1 (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M) and the ionic liquids (IL) from imidazolium family (0,1, 0,5 e 1,0 M),however,it is only stable at low concentrations of , IL from the choline family (0,1 M). Regarding the colorant partition by AMTP composed of Triton X-114 and IL as ionic surfactant (imidazolium family) or adjuvant (choline family), low concentrations of IL, independent of the family studied, increased the partition coefficient of the red colorant. The influence of temperature on the red colorant partition was evaluated and it was verified that systems incubated at 45 ºC had a partition coefficient, approximately, 4 times higher than those incubated at 25 ºC. As final remarks, new microbial colorants with different chemical structure and industrial application can be obtained and AMTPS presented as efficient alternative extraction methods for the recovery of these colorants from the fermented broth.
Synthetic colorants have been increasingly replaced by natural ones in several industrial products, since the last have lower adverse health effects and may present biological activities. In this scenario, the filamentous fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae is an alternative source of natural colorants for being non-mycotoxigenic. Thus, efficient techniques for the extraction and/or purification of these biocompounds from the fermented medium are of great interest aiming their industrial application. The objective of this work was to purify natural colorants from the fermented medium of T. amestolkiae by liquidliquid extraction with organic solvents in order to determine the chemical structure of these compounds and to evaluate aqueous micellar two-phase systems (AMTPS) as an alternative extraction technique. In relation to the colorant molecule, it has a mass of 542 u, maximum absorption at 544 nm and structure similar to N-GABA-PP-V molecule of the polyketide class, with an additional glutamic acid chain. In the literature, there are no previous reports of this molecule. The stability of the red colorant present in the fermented medium of T. amestolkiae was evaluated and it was found to be stable in temperature range of 25 to 65 °C, in the presence of high concentration of the non-ionic surfactant TX-114 (1 (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M) and the ionic liquids (IL) from imidazolium family (0,1, 0,5 e 1,0 M),however,it is only stable at low concentrations of , IL from the choline family (0,1 M). Regarding the colorant partition by AMTP composed of Triton X-114 and IL as ionic surfactant (imidazolium family) or adjuvant (choline family), low concentrations of IL, independent of the family studied, increased the partition coefficient of the red colorant. The influence of temperature on the red colorant partition was evaluated and it was verified that systems incubated at 45 ºC had a partition coefficient, approximately, 4 times higher than those incubated at 25 ºC. As final remarks, new microbial colorants with different chemical structure and industrial application can be obtained and AMTPS presented as efficient alternative extraction methods for the recovery of these colorants from the fermented broth.
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Colorante naturais, Líquido iônico, Micelas, Sistemas aquosos, Surfactante