Efeitos da simulação da solarização do solo com materiais vegetais sobre o crescimento micelial de fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo
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Data
2011-09-01
Autores
Basseto, Marco Antonio [UNESP]
Bueno, César Júnior
Chagas, Haroldo Antunes [UNESP]
Rosa, Daniel Dias [UNESP]
Padovani, Carlos Roberto [UNESP]
Furtado, Edson Luiz [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia
Resumo
A incorporação de materiais vegetais específicos associados à solarização do solo tem sido um avanço promissor no controle de fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar determinados efeitos da incorporação e decomposição de brócolis, mamona, mandioca brava e mansa, no solo, em condições de microcosmo mantido em BOD (37±2ºC), sobre o micélio de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e de Sclerotium rolfsii. Assim, quatro ensaios idênticos foram instalados em conjunto de microcosmos, com cinco tratamentos e quatro períodos de tempo diferentes e independentes (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias). O parâmetro avaliado foi os efeitos inócuo, fungistático e fungicida dos tratamentos sobre o micélio dos fungos. Verificou-se efeito fungistático e fungicida no crescimento micelial de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI e de S. rolfsii. Os fungos que apresentaram efeito fungistático apresentaram uma velocidade média de crescimento micelial inferior ao controle geral, que consistiu na incubação dos fungos em temperatura de 25±2ºC. O efeito fungicida ocorreu aos 21 dias de incubação para F. oxysporum e R. solani e aos 28 dias para S. rolfsii. Para M. phaseolina, observou-se apenas efeito inócuo. Associação da temperatura de 37±2ºC mais o período de tempo dos tratamentos foi o fator responsável pelos efeitos fungistático e fungicida no micélio dos fitopatógenos estudados. Essa associação também interferiu na velocidade do crescimento micelial dos fungos que apresentaram efeito fungistático.
The incorporation of plant materials associated with soil solarization has been a promising progress to control soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to evaluate certain effects of incorporation and decomposition of broccolis, castor bean, wild and sweet cassava, in the soil, under microcosm conditions maintained in BOD (37±2ºC), on the mycelium of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI and Sclerotium rolfsii. Thus, four identical experiments were established with five treatments of four different and independent periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The assessed parameter was the innocuous, fungistatic and fungicide effects of the treatments on the mycelium of fungi. Fungistatic and fungicide effect was verified for the mycelium of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI and S. rolfsii. Fungi with fungistatic effect presented lower velocity of mycelial growth compared to the general control, which consisted of incubation of the fungi at a temperature of 25±2ºC. Fungicide effect occurred at 21 days of incubation for F. oxysporum and R. solani and at 28 days for S. rolfsii. Only innocuous effect was observed for M. phaseolina. The factor that caused fungistatic and fungicide effect on the mycelium of fungi was the association of the temperature of 37±2ºC with the period of the treatments. That association also interfered in the mycelial growth velocity of the fungi that showed fungistatic effect.
The incorporation of plant materials associated with soil solarization has been a promising progress to control soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to evaluate certain effects of incorporation and decomposition of broccolis, castor bean, wild and sweet cassava, in the soil, under microcosm conditions maintained in BOD (37±2ºC), on the mycelium of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI and Sclerotium rolfsii. Thus, four identical experiments were established with five treatments of four different and independent periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The assessed parameter was the innocuous, fungistatic and fungicide effects of the treatments on the mycelium of fungi. Fungistatic and fungicide effect was verified for the mycelium of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI and S. rolfsii. Fungi with fungistatic effect presented lower velocity of mycelial growth compared to the general control, which consisted of incubation of the fungi at a temperature of 25±2ºC. Fungicide effect occurred at 21 days of incubation for F. oxysporum and R. solani and at 28 days for S. rolfsii. Only innocuous effect was observed for M. phaseolina. The factor that caused fungistatic and fungicide effect on the mycelium of fungi was the association of the temperature of 37±2ºC with the period of the treatments. That association also interfered in the mycelial growth velocity of the fungi that showed fungistatic effect.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
controle, brócolis, mandioca, mamona, temperatura, fitopatógenos, control, broccolis, cassava, castor plants, temperature, phytopathogens
Como citar
Summa Phytopathologica. Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, v. 37, n. 3, p. 116-120, 2011.