Resistência de genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) a Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) biotipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
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2018-11-01
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O feijão é importante fonte de proteína é usado na alimentação humana em diversos países incluindo o Brasil, que é o terceiro maior produtor mundial desse grão. Fatores limitantes da produção são sérios problemas para os agricultores, nessa cultura dentre os principais destaca-se a incidência de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B. Este inseto suga a seiva das plantas e, além disso, transmite virus para a cultura, sendo o mais devastador o Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) no qual as perdas podem chegar até 100%. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar genótipos de feijoeiro resistentes à B. tabaci biótipo B nas categorias por antibiose e antixenose para oviposição. Para isso, foram realizados três experimentos, desenvolvidos em laboratório e em casa-de-vegetação, avaliando-se 26 genótipos de feijoeiro. Inicialmente foi realizado o teste antibiose para seleção de 8 genótipos mais resistentes e alguns mais suscetíveis. Após a seleção, foi realizado o teste de antixenose para oviposição com e sem chance de escolha, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com 4 repetições. No primeiro teste as variáveis avaliadas foram: período de incubação dos ovos; viabilidade dos ovos; período ninfal; viabilidade ninfal; período da eclosão das ninfas a morte dos adultos; longevidade dos adultos. Nos outros dois testes foram avaliados o número de ovos por cm² em cada genótipo. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes de normalidade (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) e homocedasticidade (Bartlett), para verificar a necessidade de transformar os dados, e, quando necessário, foi efetuada a mais adequada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) pelo teste F, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5 % de probabilidade. Análises multivariadas de componentes principais agrupamento e hierárquico pelo método de Wards foram realizadas para auxiliar na discriminação dos genótipos de acordo com os possíveis níveis de resistência. Os genótipos IAC Sintonia e IAC Harmonia prolongaram o período ninfal do inseto em relação aos genótipos BRS Esteio e IAPAR 57. Os menores valores de viabilidade ninfal foram observados nos genótipos IPR Eldorado, IAC Formoso e IAC Sintonia, enquanto que nos genótipos IAPAR 65, BRS Campeiro e Pérola a viabilidade ninfal foi maior. Três grupos foram obtidos, sendo eles: altamente suscetível; suscetível e moderadamente resistente. Os genótipos IAC Harmonia, BRS Esplendor, IAC Sintonia, IPR Eldorado, GEN781A59, BRS Radiante e IAC Netuno apresentaram resistência moderada à B. tabaci biótipo B na categoria por antibiose. No teste de antixenose para oviposição o genótipo IAC Sintonia foi menos ovipositado que os demais.
Bean is an important protein source used in human food in several countries including Brazil, which is the third world's largest producer of this grain. Factors limiting production are serious problems for farmers. Among the main crops, the incidence of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) b iotype B is highlighted. This insect sucks the sap from plants and, in addition, transmits viruses to the crop. the most devastating Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) in which losses can reach up to 100%. The present work had as objective to identify bean genotypes resistant to B. tabaci biotype B in the categories by antibiosis and antixenosis for oviposition. For this, three experiments were carried out, developed in the laboratory and in greenhouse, evaluating 26 bean genotypes. Initially the antibiosis test was performed to select 8 more resistant and some more susceptible genotypes. Aft er the selection, the antixenos is test for oviposition with and without chance of choice was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. In the first test the variables evaluated were: egg incubation period; egg viability; nymphal period; nymphal viability; peri od of the hatching of nymphs to death of adults; longevity of adults. In the other two tests the number of eggs per cm² in each genotype was evaluated. Data were submitted to normality tests (Kolmogorov - Smirnov) and homocedasticity (Bartlett), to verify th e need to transform the data, and, when necessary, the most appropriate one was performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test, and the means were compared by the Scott - Knott test, with a 5% probability. Multivariate analyzes of major clustering and hierarchical components by the Wards method were performed to aid in discrimination of genotypes according to possible levels of resistance. Among the evaluated genotypes IAC Sintonia and IAC Harmonia extended the nymphal period of the insect in relation to BRS Esteio and IAPAR 57 genotypes. The lowest values of nymphal viability were observed in genotypes IPR Eldorado, IAC Formoso and IAC Sintonia, while in genotypes IAPAR 65, BRS Campeiro and Pérola nymphal viability was higher. Three groups were obtained, being: highly susceptible; susceptible and moderately resistant. The genotypes IAC Harmonia, BRS Esplendor, IAC Sintonia, IPR Eldorado, GEN781 A59, BRS Radiante and IAC Netuno showed moderate resistance to B. tabaci biotype B in the antibiosis category. In the antioxenosis test for oviposition, the genotype IAC Sintonia was less oviposited than the others
Bean is an important protein source used in human food in several countries including Brazil, which is the third world's largest producer of this grain. Factors limiting production are serious problems for farmers. Among the main crops, the incidence of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) b iotype B is highlighted. This insect sucks the sap from plants and, in addition, transmits viruses to the crop. the most devastating Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) in which losses can reach up to 100%. The present work had as objective to identify bean genotypes resistant to B. tabaci biotype B in the categories by antibiosis and antixenosis for oviposition. For this, three experiments were carried out, developed in the laboratory and in greenhouse, evaluating 26 bean genotypes. Initially the antibiosis test was performed to select 8 more resistant and some more susceptible genotypes. Aft er the selection, the antixenos is test for oviposition with and without chance of choice was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. In the first test the variables evaluated were: egg incubation period; egg viability; nymphal period; nymphal viability; peri od of the hatching of nymphs to death of adults; longevity of adults. In the other two tests the number of eggs per cm² in each genotype was evaluated. Data were submitted to normality tests (Kolmogorov - Smirnov) and homocedasticity (Bartlett), to verify th e need to transform the data, and, when necessary, the most appropriate one was performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test, and the means were compared by the Scott - Knott test, with a 5% probability. Multivariate analyzes of major clustering and hierarchical components by the Wards method were performed to aid in discrimination of genotypes according to possible levels of resistance. Among the evaluated genotypes IAC Sintonia and IAC Harmonia extended the nymphal period of the insect in relation to BRS Esteio and IAPAR 57 genotypes. The lowest values of nymphal viability were observed in genotypes IPR Eldorado, IAC Formoso and IAC Sintonia, while in genotypes IAPAR 65, BRS Campeiro and Pérola nymphal viability was higher. Three groups were obtained, being: highly susceptible; susceptible and moderately resistant. The genotypes IAC Harmonia, BRS Esplendor, IAC Sintonia, IPR Eldorado, GEN781 A59, BRS Radiante and IAC Netuno showed moderate resistance to B. tabaci biotype B in the antibiosis category. In the antioxenosis test for oviposition, the genotype IAC Sintonia was less oviposited than the others
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Mosca-branca, Categorias de resistência de plantas a insetos, Feijão, Whitefly, Resistance categories of plants to insects, Beans