Dinâmica de elementos traço em latossolo vermelho eutroférrico em 20 anos de aplicação de lodo de esgoto
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Data
2018-08-06
Autores
Souza, Danilo Olandino de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O lodo de esgoto (LE) tem sido usado em muitos países em substituição parcial aos fertilizantes minerais. Em regiões de clima tropical a falta de estudos quanto ao comportamento dos metais pesados no solo ao longo do tempo tem limitado seu uso. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os métodos de extração: Mehlich-1, USEPA 3050b e método de Jackson, quanto sua disponibilidade em função da aplicação de lodo e acúmulo dos teores de Cromo (Cr) e Chumbo (Pb) no solo. Verificou-se que, mesmo com aplicação de altas doses de Cr via LE a disponibilidade do Cr é baixa, e tem mais influência do tempo que do acréscimo do metal. O método de digestão da USEPA 3050b não apresentou sensibilidade para diferenciar o balanço do Cr em função dos tratamentos. Para extração do Cr em Latossolos de regiões de clima tropical a digestão fluorídrica juntamente com o extrator Mehlich-1 são os mais recomendados para a extração. Para o Pb o método de extração da USEPA 3050b, demonstrou de forma eficiente a diferença nos teores e no acúmulo de Pb nos diferentes tratamentos. O acréscimo de Cr e Pb via LE não influenciaram as culturas, não sendo identificados valores fitotóxicos nas plantas, nem acúmulo de Cr e Pb no grão.
Sewage sludge (LE) has been used in many countries as a partial replacement for mineral fertilizers. In regions of tropical climate the lack of studies on the behavior of heavy metals in the soil over time has limited its use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the extraction methods: Mehlich-1, USEPA 3050b and Jackson method, as well as its availability as a function of sludge application and accumulation of Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) levels in the soil. It has been found that even with high doses of Cr via LE the availability of Cr is low, and has more time influence than the addition of the metal. The USEPA 3050b digestion method showed no sensitivity to differentiate the Cr balance depending on the treatments. For extraction of Cr in Latosols of regions of tropical climate the fluoride digestion together with Mehlich-1 extractor are the most recommended for the extraction. For Pb, the USEPA 3050b extraction method efficiently demonstrated the difference in Pb levels and accumulation in the different treatments. The addition of Cr and Pb via LE did not influence the cultures, neither phytotoxic values were identified in the plants nor Cr and Pb accumulation in the grain.
Sewage sludge (LE) has been used in many countries as a partial replacement for mineral fertilizers. In regions of tropical climate the lack of studies on the behavior of heavy metals in the soil over time has limited its use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the extraction methods: Mehlich-1, USEPA 3050b and Jackson method, as well as its availability as a function of sludge application and accumulation of Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) levels in the soil. It has been found that even with high doses of Cr via LE the availability of Cr is low, and has more time influence than the addition of the metal. The USEPA 3050b digestion method showed no sensitivity to differentiate the Cr balance depending on the treatments. For extraction of Cr in Latosols of regions of tropical climate the fluoride digestion together with Mehlich-1 extractor are the most recommended for the extraction. For Pb, the USEPA 3050b extraction method efficiently demonstrated the difference in Pb levels and accumulation in the different treatments. The addition of Cr and Pb via LE did not influence the cultures, neither phytotoxic values were identified in the plants nor Cr and Pb accumulation in the grain.
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Palavras-chave
Biossólidos, Digestão do solo, Governança de solo, Metais pesados, Biosolids, Soil digestion, Soil governance, Heavy metals