Segurança das rodovias federais brasileiras: uma abordagem pela análise envoltória de dados
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Data
2018-12-05
Autores
Barduchi, Caroline Sakamoto
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A falta de segurança no trânsito é um problema de ordem mundial, ocasionando milhares de óbitos, além de perdas materiais muitas vezes irreparáveis para os indivíduos envolvidos nos acidentes. Na Europa, a gestão da segurança rodoviária promoveu a redução considerável do número de acidentes, por meio da aplicação de intervenções técnicas e rígida fiscalização. Considerando as estratégias de gerenciamento como um dos fatores determinantes para se garantir o progresso da segurança rodoviária, o presente estudo objetivou construir um índice de segurança das rodovias federais brasileiras por Estado. Nesse sentido, a técnica análise envoltória de dados (DEA) foi utilizada considerando as variáveis relacionadas aos investimentos e aos óbitos como inputs e as variáveis relacionadas ao comprimento da malha rodoviária e à população como outputs. A DEA foi aplicada em três diferentes formas e momentos: o método BCC orientado aos inputs, o método ERM orientado aos inputs e o modelo BCC orientado aos inputs com a variável “investimentos” fixado como input não discricionário. Com isso, foi possível obter três diferentes rankings, o que permitiu a sugestão de possíveis diretrizes gerais de prevenção e combate aos acidentes para cada caso específico. O estudo inova ao construir pela primeira vez para o Brasil um índice que considere diferentes componentes da segurança rodoviária. Além disso, o detalhamento da metodologia apresentada objetivou auxiliar as pesquisas futuras que visem utilizar a DEA como ferramenta para a avaliação da segurança de tráfego. Espera-se que essa pesquisa possa colaborar com as tomadas de decisões ideais para o desenvolvimento sustentável do país.
The lack of traffic safety is a worldwide problem, causing thousands of deaths, as well as material losses that are often irreparable for individuals involved in accidents. In Europe, road safety management has led to a considerable reduction in the number of accidents, through the application of technical interventions and rigid supervision. Considering management strategies as one of the determining factors for ensuring road safety progress, the study aimed to build the safety index of Brazilian federal highways by State. In this sense, the data envelopment analysis technique (DEA) was used considering the variables related to investments and deaths as inputs and variables related to the length of the road network and to the population as outputs. The DEA was applied in three different forms and moments: the input-oriented BCC method, the input-oriented ERM method, and the input-oriented BCC model with the "investments" variable set as non-discretionary input. Therefore, it was possible to obtain three different rankings, which allowed the suggestion of possible general guidelines for prevention and combat of accidents for each specific case. The study innovates when constructing for the first time for Brazil an index that considers different components of road safety. In addition, the detailing of the methodology presented was intended to aid future research aimed at using the DEA as a tool for evaluating traffic safety. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the decision making process that is ideal for the sustainable development of the country.
The lack of traffic safety is a worldwide problem, causing thousands of deaths, as well as material losses that are often irreparable for individuals involved in accidents. In Europe, road safety management has led to a considerable reduction in the number of accidents, through the application of technical interventions and rigid supervision. Considering management strategies as one of the determining factors for ensuring road safety progress, the study aimed to build the safety index of Brazilian federal highways by State. In this sense, the data envelopment analysis technique (DEA) was used considering the variables related to investments and deaths as inputs and variables related to the length of the road network and to the population as outputs. The DEA was applied in three different forms and moments: the input-oriented BCC method, the input-oriented ERM method, and the input-oriented BCC model with the "investments" variable set as non-discretionary input. Therefore, it was possible to obtain three different rankings, which allowed the suggestion of possible general guidelines for prevention and combat of accidents for each specific case. The study innovates when constructing for the first time for Brazil an index that considers different components of road safety. In addition, the detailing of the methodology presented was intended to aid future research aimed at using the DEA as a tool for evaluating traffic safety. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the decision making process that is ideal for the sustainable development of the country.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Segurança rodoviária, Análise envoltória de dados, Acidentes de trânsito, Road safety, Data envelopment analysis, Traffic accidents