Consultório universitário de enfermagem: estimulando a integralidade do cuidado desde a formação
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Data
2018-12-05
Autores
Crivelaro, Patrícia Maria da Silva
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Consulta de enfermagem é o termo utilizado para aplicação do processo de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde, é ação privativa do enfermeiro, por vezes, negligenciada na prática, seja pela não execução, ou pela fragmentação do atendimento prestado, descuidando assim, de um princípio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o de integralidade da assistência em saúde. As Unidades Básicas de Saúde, como campo de ensino prático de enfermagem, nem sempre oferecem subsídios para qualificação dos graduandos no contexto da consulta de enfermagem e da integralidade da assistência à saúde, porém, tais competências devem ser adquiridas ainda durante o processo de formação. Objetivo: Propor a implantação de um consultório universitário de enfermagem para o ensino da consulta de enfermagem, enfatizando a integralidade do cuidado na formação do enfermeiro. Método: Para embasamento científico da proposta, foram percorridas três etapas: primeira, uma revisão narrativa sobre a consulta de enfermagem como instrumento de integralidade do cuidado; segunda, uma revisão integrativa que buscou identificar competências para o fortalecimento do ensino da consulta de enfermagem, considerando o cuidado integral na atenção primária de saúde; a terceira etapa, o produto, desenvolvido por meio da pesquisa aplicada, na qual a descrição do projeto é a própria metodologia, esta etapa, propõe, organiza e estrutura o consultório universitário de enfermagem. Resultados: A presente pesquisa proporcionou, na primeira etapa, uma reflexão sobre os marcos históricos da consulta de enfermagem e sua conexão com o princípio de integralidade, bem como, a reflexão sobre a realização desta ação privativa do enfermeiro para valorização profissional e das dificuldades encontradas na prática, sendo destacada dentre essas, a superficialidade da formação. Na segunda etapa, foi possível elencar as competências para fortalecimento do ensino da consulta de enfermagem, fundamentando assim a terceira etapa, por meio da aplicação dos conhecimentos na elaboração do projeto do consultório universitário de enfermagem, este que terá como metodologia de ensino teórico-prático a simulação realística e o atendimento ao paciente real. Considerações finais: A proposta de implantação de um consultório universitário de enfermagem, tendo como método de ensino a simulação realística, aproximará o aluno do contexto prático e possibilitará o desenvolvimento de competências para a integralidade do cuidado durante a consulta de enfermagem. Além disso, será possível o atendimento ao paciente real, estimulando o discente à tomada de decisão frente aos problemas da comunidade e por consequência uma formação crítico-reflexiva, amparada no conceito ampliado de saúde e nos princípios do SUS, conforme recomenda as diretrizes atuais para o ensino em enfermagem.
Introduction: Nursing consultation is the term used to apply the nursing process in Primary Health Care, it is the nurse's private action, sometimes neglected in practice, either for nonexecution, or for the fragmentation of care provided, thus neglecting a principle of the Unified Health System (SUS), the integrality of health care. The Basic Health Units, as a field of practical nursing education, do not always offer subsidies for the qualification of undergraduates in the context of nursing consultation and integral health care, however, such competencies must be acquired even during the training process. Objective: To propose the implementation of a university nursing practice to teach the nursing consultation, emphasizing the integrality of care in the training of nurses. Method: For the scientific basis of the proposal, three stages were covered: first, a narrative review on the nursing consultation as an integral care instrument; second, an integrative review that sought to identify competencies for the strengthening of the teaching of the nursing consultation, considering integral care in primary health care; the third step, the product, developed through applied research, in which the description of the project is the methodology itself, this stage proposes, organizes and structures the university nursing office. Results: In the first stage, the present study provided a reflection on the historical milestones of the nursing consultation and its connection with the principle of integrality, as well as the reflection on the accomplishment of this exclusive action of the nurse for professional appreciation and the difficulties encountered in practice, among which the superficiality of training is highlighted. In the second stage, it was possible to list the competencies to strengthen the teaching of the nursing consultation, thus grounding the third stage, through the application of the knowledge in the preparation of the project of the university nursing office, which will have as theoretical-practical teaching methodology realistic simulation and real patient care. Final considerations: The proposed implementation of a university nursing practice, using realistic simulation as a teaching method, will bring the student closer to the practical context and will allow the development of competencies for the integrality of care during the nursing consultation. In addition, it will be possible to provide care to the real patient, stimulating the student to make decisions regarding community problems and, consequently, a critical-reflexive education, based on the expanded concept of health and SUS principles, as recommended by current guidelines for teaching in nursing.
Introduction: Nursing consultation is the term used to apply the nursing process in Primary Health Care, it is the nurse's private action, sometimes neglected in practice, either for nonexecution, or for the fragmentation of care provided, thus neglecting a principle of the Unified Health System (SUS), the integrality of health care. The Basic Health Units, as a field of practical nursing education, do not always offer subsidies for the qualification of undergraduates in the context of nursing consultation and integral health care, however, such competencies must be acquired even during the training process. Objective: To propose the implementation of a university nursing practice to teach the nursing consultation, emphasizing the integrality of care in the training of nurses. Method: For the scientific basis of the proposal, three stages were covered: first, a narrative review on the nursing consultation as an integral care instrument; second, an integrative review that sought to identify competencies for the strengthening of the teaching of the nursing consultation, considering integral care in primary health care; the third step, the product, developed through applied research, in which the description of the project is the methodology itself, this stage proposes, organizes and structures the university nursing office. Results: In the first stage, the present study provided a reflection on the historical milestones of the nursing consultation and its connection with the principle of integrality, as well as the reflection on the accomplishment of this exclusive action of the nurse for professional appreciation and the difficulties encountered in practice, among which the superficiality of training is highlighted. In the second stage, it was possible to list the competencies to strengthen the teaching of the nursing consultation, thus grounding the third stage, through the application of the knowledge in the preparation of the project of the university nursing office, which will have as theoretical-practical teaching methodology realistic simulation and real patient care. Final considerations: The proposed implementation of a university nursing practice, using realistic simulation as a teaching method, will bring the student closer to the practical context and will allow the development of competencies for the integrality of care during the nursing consultation. In addition, it will be possible to provide care to the real patient, stimulating the student to make decisions regarding community problems and, consequently, a critical-reflexive education, based on the expanded concept of health and SUS principles, as recommended by current guidelines for teaching in nursing.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação em enfermagem, Integralidade em saúde, Processo de enfermagem, Atenção primária à saúde, Enfermagem, Nursing education, Health comprehensiveness, Nursing process, Primary health care, Nursing