Conhecimentos e atitudes em demências por parte dos médicos generalistas da rede de atenção básica à saúde
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Data
2018-12-07
Autores
Mayoral, Vânia Ferreira De Sá [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O número de idosos com idade de 60 anos ou mais está aumentando no mundo. Esse fenômeno é acompanhado do aumento de doenças crônicas como hipertensão, diabetes, osteoporose, osteoartrose. As doenças neurodegenerativas, representadas pelas demências apresentam alta prevalência na maioria dos países do mundo. Entretanto, há evidências de que as demências não são detectadas pelo médico generalista. Objetivo: Avaliar conhecimentos e atitudes em demências por parte dos médicos generalistas da atenção básica à saúde. Método: Estudo quasi-experimental. Aplicação de dois instrumentos, auto respondidos em dois momentos, antes e após intervenção com seis aulas sobre demência. Participantes: 34 médicos generalistas da rede de atenção básica à saúde, da cidade de Botucatu-SP. Resultados: A média de idade dos médicos generalistas foi de 33,9 10,2 anos. 18(53%) do sexo masculino e 16(47%) sexo feminino. 29 (85.3%) médicos receberam aula sobre demência durante a graduação. A média de acertos no questionário sobre conhecimentos em demência foi de 8,35 antes e 9,97 após a intervenção (pontuação total 14 pontos). Houve significância estatística no subitem diagnóstico de demência p<0,001. Os médicos mostraram atitudes positivas em relação a oferecer o diagnóstico de demência. Conclusão: Estudo pioneiro no Brasil que avaliou, diretamente, conhecimentos e atitudes em demência por parte dos médicos da atenção básica à saúde de um município. Houve deficiência no conhecimento do médico generalista em relação à prevenção e, sobretudo, no manejo de pessoas com demência. Em relação à capacitação observamos que os médicos generalistas apresentaram melhora no conhecimento sobre diagnóstico das demências e mudanças de atitudes sobre o manejo da doença.
Introduction: The number of people with 60 years old and over is increasing in the world and the chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, osteoarthrosis. The neurodegenerative diseases as dementia show high prevalence in the major countries. However, there is evidence that dementias are not detected by general practitioners. Objective: To evaluate knowledge and attitudes about dementia with general practitioners in primary health care. Method: Quasi-experimental study with a self-administered questionnaire about dementia in two different moments before and after intervention through six lessons about dementia. Participants: 34 generals’ practitioners of the primary health care of the city of Botucatu in Sao Paulo state. Results: The average age of general practitioners was 33.9 ±10.2 years. 18(53%%) were male. Most physicians, 29 (85.3%) received a lesson about dementia during graduation. The average of answers in the dementia knowledge questionnaire was 8.35 before and 9.97 after the intervention. There was statistical significance in the dementia diagnostic sub-item (p <0.001). Physicians showed positive attitudes towards offering the diagnosis of dementia. Conclusion: This is a pioneering study in Brazil that evaluated directly knowledge and attitudes in dementia with general practitioners. There was a lack of knowledge of general practitioner regarding prevention and especially, management of people with dementia. Therefore, continuing medical education, with practice in dementias about prevalence and management of the elderly people with dementia is a strategy that could be developed for primary health care professional.
Introduction: The number of people with 60 years old and over is increasing in the world and the chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, osteoarthrosis. The neurodegenerative diseases as dementia show high prevalence in the major countries. However, there is evidence that dementias are not detected by general practitioners. Objective: To evaluate knowledge and attitudes about dementia with general practitioners in primary health care. Method: Quasi-experimental study with a self-administered questionnaire about dementia in two different moments before and after intervention through six lessons about dementia. Participants: 34 generals’ practitioners of the primary health care of the city of Botucatu in Sao Paulo state. Results: The average age of general practitioners was 33.9 ±10.2 years. 18(53%%) were male. Most physicians, 29 (85.3%) received a lesson about dementia during graduation. The average of answers in the dementia knowledge questionnaire was 8.35 before and 9.97 after the intervention. There was statistical significance in the dementia diagnostic sub-item (p <0.001). Physicians showed positive attitudes towards offering the diagnosis of dementia. Conclusion: This is a pioneering study in Brazil that evaluated directly knowledge and attitudes in dementia with general practitioners. There was a lack of knowledge of general practitioner regarding prevention and especially, management of people with dementia. Therefore, continuing medical education, with practice in dementias about prevalence and management of the elderly people with dementia is a strategy that could be developed for primary health care professional.
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Idoso, Atenção básica, Conhecimentos, Atitudes, Médico generalista, Demência, Cognição, Aged, Primary health care, Knowledge, Attitudes, General practitioners, Dementia, Cognition