Influência de biotecnologia e sistema de produção na dinâmica populacional de Diabrotica spp. em Parecis-MT
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2018-08-29
Autores
Jardim, Joice
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Infestações de Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) podem causar danos severos nas culturas e comprometer as expectativas de rendimentos. O conhecimento da dinâmica populacional do inseto, em culturas hospedeiras é fundamental para determinação do planejamento estratégico para altos rendimentos. Campo Novo do Parecis – MT é uma importante região agrícola, onde se emprega a semeadura de soja no verão e milho, feijão, algodão e girassol, na segunda safra. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar dentro dos sistemas produtivos da Chapada do Parecis, a ocorrência de Diabrotica spp. e a eficiência do uso de biotecnologia no sistema de produção, fornecendo recomendações que auxiliam no gerenciamento das propriedades. Nesse sistema foi observado uma crescente incidência do gênero Diabrotica nos cultivos e o desafio de entendimento da mudança na dinâmica da praga. A influência de Diabrotica spp. no sistema de produção da região do Parecis – MT e os processos de interações entre seis épocas de semeadura, 5 tipos de tecnologia e dois sistemas de produção soja-milho (SM) e soja-milho-feijão (SMF) em dois anos agrícolas, foram analisados nesse experimento. Esse trabalho identificou as diferenças da dinâmica populacional de Diabrotica spp. nos sistemas de produção SM e SMF nas safras 2014/2015 e 2015/2016 e quantificou os momentos de maior incidência da praga no sistema, que correspondem ao período de janeiro a março, auxiliando na estratégia de planejamento agrícola e suas medidas de controle para a região. Foram realizadas 480 observações, onde mais de 2000 adultos de Diabrotica spp. foram coletados por meio de contagem em armadilhas adesivas amarelas, sem feromônio. Apurou-se as perdas de produtividade, correlacionando os efeitos de época de semeadura, sistema de produção e biotecnologia adotada em isolinha do híbrido DKB390 com os modos de ação: Convencional – não Bt; RR – cp4 epsps; PRO – Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2; PRO2 – Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + cp4 epsps e PRO3 - Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + cp4 epsps + Cry3Bb1, ao dano causado pela Diabrotica spp. em suas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. Encontrou-se estimativas de perdas de produtividade na cultura do milho entre 5 a 37% de grãos. Estabeleceu-se assim, uma recomendação para alertar o setor quanto a esse alvo biológico anteriormente não sendo foco principal de controle, devido algumas dificuldades na visualização dos danos diretos e indiretos. Como ferramenta de manejo, sugeriu-se a semeadura com híbridos com proteção de raízes (cry3Bb1), em semeaduras a partir de 15 de fevereiro, constituindo uma alternativa para exploração do potencial máximo do sistema de produção do milho na região.
Diabrotica spp. infestations can cause severe damage to crops and jeopardize income expectations. Knowledge of insect population dynamics in crops is important to determine strategic planning for high productivity. Campo Novo do Parecis - MT is an important agricultural region, where soybeans are planted in summer and corn, beans, cotton and sunflower in the second harvest. The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of Diabrotica spp. with the productive systems of the Chapada do Parecis and the efficiency of the use of biotechnology in the production system, providing recommendations that assist the properties management. This system had an increasing incidence of the genus Diabrotica in its crops and a challenge of understanding the change in the dynamics of this pest. This experiment analyzed the influence of Diabrotica spp in the production system of the Parecis - MT region and the interaction processes between six planted seasons, five types of technology and two production systems of soybean - corn (SC) and soybean - corn - bean (SCB) in two agricultural years. This work identified the differences in the population dynamics of Diabrotica spp. in SC and SCB production systems in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests and quantified the periods of greatest incidence of the pest in the system, which corresponds to the period from January to March, that assists in the agricultural planning and the control measures for the region. There were 480 observations, where more than 2000 adults of Diabrotica spp. were collected by counting in yellow non-pheromone adhesive traps. The productivity damages were correlated by the effects of the planting season, production system and technology adopted (CV – OGM free; RR – cp4 epsps; PRO – Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2; PRO2 – Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + cp4 epsps e PRO3 - Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + cp4 epsps + Cry3Bb1) to the damage caused by Diabrotica spp. in their different stages of development and were found estimates of corn crop productivity losses between 5 and 37% of the grains. A recommendation was made to alert the industry to this biological target previously not being the main focus of control, due to some difficulties in the visualization of direct and indirect damages. As a management tool, planting with hybrids with rootworm protection was suggested planting starting February 15. Establishing an alternative to exploit the maximum potential of the region's production system with agronomic tools that assist in planning, strategy and decision making, providing ways to assist in the proper development of plants and exploiting the maximum genetic potential production of corn crops.
Diabrotica spp. infestations can cause severe damage to crops and jeopardize income expectations. Knowledge of insect population dynamics in crops is important to determine strategic planning for high productivity. Campo Novo do Parecis - MT is an important agricultural region, where soybeans are planted in summer and corn, beans, cotton and sunflower in the second harvest. The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of Diabrotica spp. with the productive systems of the Chapada do Parecis and the efficiency of the use of biotechnology in the production system, providing recommendations that assist the properties management. This system had an increasing incidence of the genus Diabrotica in its crops and a challenge of understanding the change in the dynamics of this pest. This experiment analyzed the influence of Diabrotica spp in the production system of the Parecis - MT region and the interaction processes between six planted seasons, five types of technology and two production systems of soybean - corn (SC) and soybean - corn - bean (SCB) in two agricultural years. This work identified the differences in the population dynamics of Diabrotica spp. in SC and SCB production systems in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests and quantified the periods of greatest incidence of the pest in the system, which corresponds to the period from January to March, that assists in the agricultural planning and the control measures for the region. There were 480 observations, where more than 2000 adults of Diabrotica spp. were collected by counting in yellow non-pheromone adhesive traps. The productivity damages were correlated by the effects of the planting season, production system and technology adopted (CV – OGM free; RR – cp4 epsps; PRO – Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2; PRO2 – Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + cp4 epsps e PRO3 - Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + cp4 epsps + Cry3Bb1) to the damage caused by Diabrotica spp. in their different stages of development and were found estimates of corn crop productivity losses between 5 and 37% of the grains. A recommendation was made to alert the industry to this biological target previously not being the main focus of control, due to some difficulties in the visualization of direct and indirect damages. As a management tool, planting with hybrids with rootworm protection was suggested planting starting February 15. Establishing an alternative to exploit the maximum potential of the region's production system with agronomic tools that assist in planning, strategy and decision making, providing ways to assist in the proper development of plants and exploiting the maximum genetic potential production of corn crops.
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Palavras-chave
Sistema de produção, Época de semeadura, Diabrotica spp., Biotecnologia, Zea mays