Inoculação via foliar de bactérias diazotróficas em milho cultivado sob diferentes manejos de solo
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2018-10-02
Autores
Santos, Tatiana da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O manejo eficiente do solo pode provocar mudanças benéficas na qualidade física, química e microbiológica do solo refletindo em alta produtividade de grãos de milho. O nitrogênio (N) é o nutriente mais exigido pela planta de milho. A aquisição de fertilizantes nitrogenados pode ser responsável por 50% dos custos variáveis da lavoura. Dessa forma, a utilização de bactérias diazotróficas é considerado uma fonte alternativa economicamente viável e sustentável para aquisição desse nutriente por meio da fixação biológica de N por esses microrganismos. Em vista do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desenvolvimento, componente produtivo e produtividade de grãos de milho sob diferentes manejos de solo e inoculado via foliar por Azospirillum brasilense e/ou Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. O experimento foi conduzido durante o ano agrícola de 2016/17 em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico localizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE) – Setor de Produção Vegetal pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, município de Selvíria - MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, esquema de faixas. Foram estabelecidos 12 tratamentos com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 3 tipos de sistemas de manejo do solo: Sistema convencional (SC), cultivo mínimo (CM) e sistema plantio direto (SPD). Os tratamentos de inoculação via foliar de bactérias diazotróficas consistiram em: Azospirillum brasilense (AB), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA), Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (AB + BA) e sem inoculação (SI). Não houve efeito significativo da aplicação de bactérias sobre a altura de planta, diâmetro do colmo, diâmetro de espiga e comprimento de espiga. Houve interação para a altura de inserção da primeira espiga e produtividade de grãos. A inoculação com Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promoveu acréscimos à altura de inserção da primeira espiga quando utilizado o cultivo mínimo (1,31 m). A inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens proporcionou aumento da produtividade de grãos no preparo convencional.
Efficient soil management can lead to beneficial changes in the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of the soil, reflecting high yields of corn grains. Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most required by the corn plant. The acquisition of nitrogen fertilizers can account for 50% of the variable costs of the crop. Thus, the use of diazotrophic bacteria is considered an economically viable and sustainable alternative source for the acquisition of this nutrient through the biological fixation of N by these microorganisms. In view of the above, the objective of this research was to verify the development, productive component and productivity of corn grains under different soil management and foliar inoculation by Azospirillum brasilense and / or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The experiment was conducted during the agricultural year of 2016/17 in a Distroferric Red Oxisol located at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (FEPE) - Vegetable Production Sector belonging to the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, Selvíria - MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Twelve treatments with four replicates were established. The treatments were constituted by 3 types of soil management systems: Tillage (SC), minimum tillage (CM) and notillage (SPD). The treatments of foliar inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria consisted of: Azospirillum brasilense (AB), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA), Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (AB + BA) and No Inoculation (SI). There was no significant effect of the application of bacteria on plant height, stalk diameter, ear diameter and ear length. There was interaction for the first ear insertion height and grain yield. The inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promoted increases at the insertion height of the first ear when using the minimum culture (1,31 m). Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens provided an increase in grain yield in conventional tillage.
Efficient soil management can lead to beneficial changes in the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of the soil, reflecting high yields of corn grains. Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most required by the corn plant. The acquisition of nitrogen fertilizers can account for 50% of the variable costs of the crop. Thus, the use of diazotrophic bacteria is considered an economically viable and sustainable alternative source for the acquisition of this nutrient through the biological fixation of N by these microorganisms. In view of the above, the objective of this research was to verify the development, productive component and productivity of corn grains under different soil management and foliar inoculation by Azospirillum brasilense and / or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The experiment was conducted during the agricultural year of 2016/17 in a Distroferric Red Oxisol located at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (FEPE) - Vegetable Production Sector belonging to the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, Selvíria - MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Twelve treatments with four replicates were established. The treatments were constituted by 3 types of soil management systems: Tillage (SC), minimum tillage (CM) and notillage (SPD). The treatments of foliar inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria consisted of: Azospirillum brasilense (AB), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA), Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (AB + BA) and No Inoculation (SI). There was no significant effect of the application of bacteria on plant height, stalk diameter, ear diameter and ear length. There was interaction for the first ear insertion height and grain yield. The inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promoted increases at the insertion height of the first ear when using the minimum culture (1,31 m). Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens provided an increase in grain yield in conventional tillage.
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Preparo do solo, Zea mays L., Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Soil tillage