Controle de plantas daninhas em pré e pós-emergência com diferentes volumes de aplicação e concentração de calda, na cultura da cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2018-12-04
Autores
Soares, Alexsandro da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar é uma das culturas que possui expressiva representatividade para o Brasil em termos de produtividade. Mas existem limitações no seu desempenho, principalmente através da interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas, podendo considerar perdas em até 85% quando não controladas de forma adequada. E o controle químico ainda é o mais utilizado devendo-se atentar aos conhecimentos e cuidados a serem tomados com a utilização dos herbicidas que serão aplicados como a dosagem, época de aplicação, estádio fenológico, condições fisiológicas e bioquímicas da cultura e das características das plantas daninhas. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia no controle de plantas daninhas em modalidades pré e pós-emergente com diferentes volumes de aplicação e concentrações de caldas, na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação. As plantas daninhas tomadas como alvos foram: IPOHF e PANMA na modalidade pré-emergente e ERICA e DIGIN pós-emergente, em vasos semeados com substrato. O produto utilizado foi o herbicida indaziflam e as aplicações foram realizadas através do delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial (4 x 2), quatro volumes (50, 75, 100 e 125 L/ha) e duas concentrações (150 e 200 mL/ha), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação, para as plantas pré-emergentes e quatro volumes (75, 100, 125 e 150 L/ha) com as mesmas concentrações do produto (150 e 200 mL/ha) e uma testemunha sem aplicação, para as plantas pós-emergentes. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais através de notas percentuais de controle aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 DAA, avaliações de crescimento e determinação do acúmulo de biomassa seca das plantas germinadas. Foram realizadas análises de estabilidade de caldas para obtenção dos efeitos de homogeneidade e heterogeneidade (floculação, sedimentação, separação de fases, formação de grumos e formação de cristais) e formação de espuma além de determinação da tensão superficial e ângulo de contato as caldas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 0,05 de significância. A utilização de indaziflam através da redução da dosagem e volume de aplicação foi eficaz no controle pré-emergente IPOHF e PANMA, mesmo com a aplicação da mínima dosagem de 150 mL e volumes a partir de 75 L. Para a aplicação em pós-emêrgencia no controle de ERICA e DIGIN o produto apresenta efeito com a utilização da máxima dosagens e volumes a partir de 100 L/ha.
Sugarcane is one of the most important crops for Brazil in terms of productivity. However, there are limitations for this crop when it comes to field performance, mainly due to interference imposed by weeds, resulting in production losses up to 85% when weeds are not adequately controlled. The chemical control is still the most efficient, with the use of herbicides, and attention should be paid to the dosage, application time, plant phenological stage, physiological and biochemical conditions of the crop, as well as the characteristics of the weeds. In this perspective, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy in weed control in pre and post emergent modalities with different application volumes and product concentrations in the sugarcane crop. Two experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions. Chosen weeds for this study were: IPOHF and PANMA in the pre-emergent modality and ERICA and DIGIN for the post-emergence control. Seeds were sown in pots with substrate. The indaziflam herbicide was used and the treatments were carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (4 x 2). Four volumes (50, 75, 100 and 125 L/ha), two concentrations (150 and 200 mL/ha) and a control treatment without any application were used for the pre-emergent control, and four volumes (75, 100, 125 and 150 L/ha) with the same concentrations of the product (150 and 200 mL/ha), plus another control treatment without any application were used for the post-emergent control. Visual evaluations were done through percentage control scores at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after application (DAA), as well as growth assessments and determination of dry biomass accumulation of germinated plants. Stability analyzes were carried out to obtain the effects of homogeneity and heterogeneity (flocculation, sedimentation, separation of phases, formation of clumps and formation of crystals) and formation of foam in addition to determination of surface tension and contact angle of the product dissolved. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance. The use of indaziflam through with its reduction of dosage and application volume was effective in the pre-emergent control of IPOHF and PANMA, even with the application of the minimum dosage (150 mL) and volumes starting at 75 L. For the application in the post-emergence control of ERICA and DIGIN, the product presents effect with the use of the maximum dosages and volumes starting from 100 L/ha.
Sugarcane is one of the most important crops for Brazil in terms of productivity. However, there are limitations for this crop when it comes to field performance, mainly due to interference imposed by weeds, resulting in production losses up to 85% when weeds are not adequately controlled. The chemical control is still the most efficient, with the use of herbicides, and attention should be paid to the dosage, application time, plant phenological stage, physiological and biochemical conditions of the crop, as well as the characteristics of the weeds. In this perspective, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy in weed control in pre and post emergent modalities with different application volumes and product concentrations in the sugarcane crop. Two experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions. Chosen weeds for this study were: IPOHF and PANMA in the pre-emergent modality and ERICA and DIGIN for the post-emergence control. Seeds were sown in pots with substrate. The indaziflam herbicide was used and the treatments were carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (4 x 2). Four volumes (50, 75, 100 and 125 L/ha), two concentrations (150 and 200 mL/ha) and a control treatment without any application were used for the pre-emergent control, and four volumes (75, 100, 125 and 150 L/ha) with the same concentrations of the product (150 and 200 mL/ha), plus another control treatment without any application were used for the post-emergent control. Visual evaluations were done through percentage control scores at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after application (DAA), as well as growth assessments and determination of dry biomass accumulation of germinated plants. Stability analyzes were carried out to obtain the effects of homogeneity and heterogeneity (flocculation, sedimentation, separation of phases, formation of clumps and formation of crystals) and formation of foam in addition to determination of surface tension and contact angle of the product dissolved. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance. The use of indaziflam through with its reduction of dosage and application volume was effective in the pre-emergent control of IPOHF and PANMA, even with the application of the minimum dosage (150 mL) and volumes starting at 75 L. For the application in the post-emergence control of ERICA and DIGIN, the product presents effect with the use of the maximum dosages and volumes starting from 100 L/ha.
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Palavras-chave
Controle químico, Herbicida, Tecnologia de aplicação, Cana-de-açúcar