Tempos e movimentos na colheita mecanizada do amendoim em função dos formatos dos talhões
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Data
2018-05-15
Autores
Borba, Matheus Anaan de Paula [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A eficiência das operações agrícolas mecanizadas é um fator que afeta a qualidade das operações e tem grande influência nos custos de produção, sendo dependente dos formatos dos talhões e do planejamento das operações dos mesmos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho avaliar os tempos e movimentos para ambas as etapas da colheita mecanizada de amendoim, arranquio e recolhimento, em quatro glebas no município de Jaboticabal, interior de São Paulo, com formatos de talhões distintos. Foram selecionados talhões nos formatos trapezoidal e paralelogramo e coletados os dados para realizar os cálculos das capacidades e eficiências operacionais de arranquio e recolhimento, sendo registrados os tempos de operação, manobras e problema para as etapas de arranquio e recolhimento, adicionando também o tempo de descarga para a operação de recolhimento. O delineamento experimental seguiu as premissas do Controle Estatístico de Processos, por meio do uso de cartas de controle de valores individuais, além de análise descritiva para cada indicador de qualidade. Os formatos dos talhões afetam as eficiências de tempos e movimentos na operação de colheita mecanizada do amendoim. Sob a óptica do Controle Estatístico de Processos, as eficiências de campo, gerencial e global no arranquio mecanizado do amendoim, apresentaram melhor qualidade no decorrer do processo para o talhão 4. Com exceção do talhão 1 (trapezoidal), os demais talhões retrataram valores aceitáveis para eficiência de campo no recolhimento.
The efficiency of mechanized agricultural operations is a factor that affects a quality of operations and has a great influence on the production costs, being dependent on the formats of the plots and the management of the operations of the same ones. Thus, this work aim to evaluate the times and movements in the peanuts mechanized harvesting, in four production fields in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, with trapezoidal, parallelogram and rectangular formats. Were selected and collected data to perform operational capacities and efficiencies of the digging and harvesting operations, launching the operating, maneuvers and problem times for the digging and harvesting, also, adding the discharge time to a combine machine. The experimental design followed the premises of Statistical Process Control, using control charts of individual values, as well as descriptive analysis for each quality indicator. The formats of the plots affect how efficient of times and movements in the peanut mechanized harvesting operation. From the point of view of Statistical Process Control, the field, managerial and global efficiencies in peanut mechanization were better in the process for the field 4. With the exception of field 1, the remaining fields showed acceptable values for field efficiency at harvesting operation.
The efficiency of mechanized agricultural operations is a factor that affects a quality of operations and has a great influence on the production costs, being dependent on the formats of the plots and the management of the operations of the same ones. Thus, this work aim to evaluate the times and movements in the peanuts mechanized harvesting, in four production fields in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, with trapezoidal, parallelogram and rectangular formats. Were selected and collected data to perform operational capacities and efficiencies of the digging and harvesting operations, launching the operating, maneuvers and problem times for the digging and harvesting, also, adding the discharge time to a combine machine. The experimental design followed the premises of Statistical Process Control, using control charts of individual values, as well as descriptive analysis for each quality indicator. The formats of the plots affect how efficient of times and movements in the peanut mechanized harvesting operation. From the point of view of Statistical Process Control, the field, managerial and global efficiencies in peanut mechanization were better in the process for the field 4. With the exception of field 1, the remaining fields showed acceptable values for field efficiency at harvesting operation.
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Palavras-chave
Mecanização agrícola, Desempenho operacional, Arachis hypogaea L.