Autopercepção do comportamento auditivo por adolescentes: concordância com os pais e avaliação do processamento auditivo central
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Data
2019-02-08
Autores
Nardez, Taina Maiza Bilinski [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Processamento Auditivo Central (PAC) tem sido investigado há várias décadas, porém são escassas as pesquisas conduzidas com adolescentes, além disso, não há estudos que avaliem a autopercepção por meio da aplicação de questionários padronizados, que é de suma importância para identificação de riscos referentes aos comportamentos auditivos que podem estar relacionados com o Transtorno do Processamento Auditivo Central (TPAC). Dessa forma, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a autopercepção dos adolescentes e a percepção dos pais em relação ao comportamento auditivo; avaliar o processamento auditivo central dos adolescentes e compará-la com a autopercepção dos adolescentes e a percepção dos pais. Este foi um estudo transversal, prospectivo e descritivo, no qual participaram 80 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, sendo 40 adolescentes, com idade entre 12 e 18 anos e 40 pais e/ou responsáveis. Todos os participantes responderam ao questionário Scale of Auditory Behaviors e, se realizou a avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo central com os adolescentes. Os achados foram analisados de forma descritiva e inferencial. Na análise inferencial aplicaram-se os seguintes testes: Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Igualdade de Duas Proporções, Qui-Quadrado, Mann- Whitney e o índice de Concordância de Kappa. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%, (p ≤ 0,05). A análise dos resultados da autopercepção dos adolescentes e da percepção dos pais em relação ao comportamento auditivo demonstrou homogeneidade na pontuação, porém a pontuação média obtida corresponde a classificações distintas. Segundo sua autopercepção os adolescentes classificaram o seu comportamento como sendo de baixo risco para o transtorno do processamento auditivo e, segundo a percepção dos pais os adolescentes apresentaram comportamento auditivo típico. O índice de concordância entre a autopercepção dos adolescentes e a percepção dos pais em relação ao comportamento auditivo mostrou diferença, contudo devido ao valor de concordância ser baixo, o mesmo foi desconsiderado. A análise dos resultados da avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo central demonstrou que 42,5% dos adolescentes apresentaram alteração. Ao comparar a autopercepção dos adolescentes e a percepção dos pais em relação ao comportamento auditivo com o resultado da avaliação comportamental do PAC observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante somente na autopercepção dos adolescentes. Pode-se concluir que a maioria dos adolescentes perceberam as dificuldades relacionadas ao seu comportamento auditivo, porém o mesmo não ocorreu em relação a percepção dos pais.
Central Auditory Processing (CAP) has been investigated for several decades, but there are few studies conducted with adolescents; in addition, there are no studies that screen self-perception through the application of standardized questionnaires, which is extremely important for the identification of risks regarding auditory behaviors that may be related to Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). Therefore, the purposes of this study were to evaluate the adolescent’ self-perception and the parents' perception regarding the auditory behavior; to evaluate the central auditory processing of adolescents and to compare it with the adolescents’ self-perception and the parents' perception. This was a cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive study in which 80 individuals of both genders participated, 40 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years and 40 parents and/or guardians. All participants answered the Scale of Auditory Behaviors questionnaire and were tested with the behavioral evaluation of central auditory processing. The findings were analyzed in a descriptive and inferential manner. In the inferential analysis the following tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Equality of Two Proportions, Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and the Kappa Concordance index. The level of significance was set at 5%, (p ≤ 0.05). The analysis of the results of the adolescents’ selfperception and the parents’ perception in relation to the auditory behavior demonstrated homogeneity in the score, but the average score obtained corresponds to different classifications. According to their self-perception, adolescents classified their behavior as at low risk for auditory processing disorder and, according to the parents' perception, adolescents presented typical auditory behavior. The index of agreement between the adolescents’ self-perception and the parents' perception regarding the auditory behavior showed a difference; however, because the agreement value was low, it was disregarded. The analysis of the results of behavioral evaluation of central auditory processing showed that 42.5% of adolescents presented alterations. When comparing the adolescents’ self-perception and the parents’ perception in relation to the auditory behavior with the result of the behavioral evaluation of the CAP, a statistically significant difference was observed only in the adolescents’ self-perception. It can be concluded that most adolescents perceived the difficulties related to their auditory behavior, but the same did not occur in relation to the parents' perception.
Central Auditory Processing (CAP) has been investigated for several decades, but there are few studies conducted with adolescents; in addition, there are no studies that screen self-perception through the application of standardized questionnaires, which is extremely important for the identification of risks regarding auditory behaviors that may be related to Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). Therefore, the purposes of this study were to evaluate the adolescent’ self-perception and the parents' perception regarding the auditory behavior; to evaluate the central auditory processing of adolescents and to compare it with the adolescents’ self-perception and the parents' perception. This was a cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive study in which 80 individuals of both genders participated, 40 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years and 40 parents and/or guardians. All participants answered the Scale of Auditory Behaviors questionnaire and were tested with the behavioral evaluation of central auditory processing. The findings were analyzed in a descriptive and inferential manner. In the inferential analysis the following tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Equality of Two Proportions, Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and the Kappa Concordance index. The level of significance was set at 5%, (p ≤ 0.05). The analysis of the results of the adolescents’ selfperception and the parents’ perception in relation to the auditory behavior demonstrated homogeneity in the score, but the average score obtained corresponds to different classifications. According to their self-perception, adolescents classified their behavior as at low risk for auditory processing disorder and, according to the parents' perception, adolescents presented typical auditory behavior. The index of agreement between the adolescents’ self-perception and the parents' perception regarding the auditory behavior showed a difference; however, because the agreement value was low, it was disregarded. The analysis of the results of behavioral evaluation of central auditory processing showed that 42.5% of adolescents presented alterations. When comparing the adolescents’ self-perception and the parents’ perception in relation to the auditory behavior with the result of the behavioral evaluation of the CAP, a statistically significant difference was observed only in the adolescents’ self-perception. It can be concluded that most adolescents perceived the difficulties related to their auditory behavior, but the same did not occur in relation to the parents' perception.
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Palavras-chave
Audição, Testes auditivos, Percepção auditiva, Adolescentes, Hearing, Auditory tests, Auditory perception, Adolescents