Estudo das alterações comportamentais, radiológicas e morfológicas da hidrocefalia induzida por neurocisticercose experimental
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Hamamoto Filho, Pedro Tadao
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A hidrocefalia é uma das complicações mais frequentes da neurocisticercose extraparenquimatosa, combinando mecanismos obstrutivos e inflamatórios que causam prejuízos à circulação de líquor. Modelos experimentais podem auxiliar na compreensão de mecanismos fisiopatológicos da doença. Estudamos alterações comportamentais, radiológicas e morfológicas de ratos num modelo experimental de hidrocefalia induzida por neurocisticercose através da inoculação cisternal de cistos e antígenos de Taenia crassiceps comparando-o com o modelo clássico de hidrocefalia experimental induzida por caulim. Foram utilizados 52 animais divididos em quatro grupos: cistos, antígenos, caulim e controle. Para avaliação comportamental foi utilizado teste de campo aberto; para avaliação radiológica foram adquiridas imagens de ressonância magnética com estudo de volume ventricular; e para avaliação morfológica foram analisadas figuras de inflamação e expressão imunoistoquímica de proteína ácida fibrilar glial (GFAP) e aquaporina-4 (AQP-4). Diferentemente do que ocorre na hidrocefalia por caulim, o comportamento dos animais com hidrocefalia por neurocisticercose não foi alterado precocemente (p = 0,02). O volume ventricular da hidrocefalia induzida por neurocisticercose experimental teve evolução progressiva e as alterações de ressonância magnética foram semelhantes às observadas em humanos. A hidrocefalia induzida por neurocisticercose experimental induz reações inflamatórias e astrocitária periventriculares. A expressão de GFAP foi maior no primeiro mês pós-inoculação que no sexto mês (p = 0,04). A expressão de AQP-4 foi maior no sexto mês pós-inoculação que no primeiro mês (p = 0,02) e também ocorreu em animais que receberam inoculação antigênica mas não desenvolveram hidrocefalia, sugerindo um papel da AQP-4 como via alternativa de absorção de líquor em vigência de inflamação.
Hydrocephalus is one of the most common complications of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, combining obstructive and inflammatory mechanisms that impair the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Experimental models are helpful for the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. We studied behavioral, radiological and morphological alterations of rats in an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus through a cisternal inoculation of cysts and antigens of Taenia crassiceps, comparing it with the classic model of experimental kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. We used 52 animals divided into four groups: cysts, antigens, kaolin and control. Open field test was used for behavioral assessment; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ventricular volume study was used for radiological assessment; morphological evaluation focused on figures of inflammation and immunohistochemical reactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). Differently from the kaolin-induced hydrocephalus, the behavior of the animals with hydrocephalus by neurocysticercosis was not altered early (p = 0.02). The ventricular volume of hydrocephalus induced by experimental neurocysticercosis had a progressive evolution and the MRI changes were similar to those observed in humans. Hydrocephalus induced by experimental neurocysticercosis induces periventricular inflammatory and astrocytic reactions. GFAP expression was higher in the first month after inoculation than in the sixth month (p = 0.04). AQP-4 expression was higher in the sixth month post-inoculation than in the first month (p = 0.02), and also occurred in animals that received antigen inoculation but did not develop hydrocephalus, suggesting a role of AQP-4 as an alternative route of CSF absorption in the presence of inflammation.
Hydrocephalus is one of the most common complications of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, combining obstructive and inflammatory mechanisms that impair the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Experimental models are helpful for the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. We studied behavioral, radiological and morphological alterations of rats in an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus through a cisternal inoculation of cysts and antigens of Taenia crassiceps, comparing it with the classic model of experimental kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. We used 52 animals divided into four groups: cysts, antigens, kaolin and control. Open field test was used for behavioral assessment; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ventricular volume study was used for radiological assessment; morphological evaluation focused on figures of inflammation and immunohistochemical reactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). Differently from the kaolin-induced hydrocephalus, the behavior of the animals with hydrocephalus by neurocysticercosis was not altered early (p = 0.02). The ventricular volume of hydrocephalus induced by experimental neurocysticercosis had a progressive evolution and the MRI changes were similar to those observed in humans. Hydrocephalus induced by experimental neurocysticercosis induces periventricular inflammatory and astrocytic reactions. GFAP expression was higher in the first month after inoculation than in the sixth month (p = 0.04). AQP-4 expression was higher in the sixth month post-inoculation than in the first month (p = 0.02), and also occurred in animals that received antigen inoculation but did not develop hydrocephalus, suggesting a role of AQP-4 as an alternative route of CSF absorption in the presence of inflammation.
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Palavras-chave
Hidrocefalia, Modelo experimental, Neurocisticercose, Taenia crassiceps