Matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes no aguapé utilizado para fitorremediação em águas residuárias de suinocultura
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Data
2018-09-13
Autores
Spósito, Thadeu Henrique Novais
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS) são consideradas um grande problema de cunho ambiental. Porém o aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes) parece ter uma capacidade de adaptação em meios com alta concentração da ARS, o que pode ser interessante para diminuir os nutrientes e as cargas orgânicas das ARS, cujo destino são mananciais ou até mesmo lagoas conhecidas como sumidouros, causando problemas ambientais, como a eutrofização. Neste sentido, objetivou-se analisar o polimento de água residuária de suinocultura em diferentes concentrações, por meio do cultivo de aguapé, determinou-se a concentração de elementos químicos presentes na ARS, assim como o acúmulo destes elementos na matéria seca e produção desta macrófita. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da ETEC (Colégio Agrícola) de Presidente Prudente - SP. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas e cinco repetições. As parcelas constituíram de três tratamentos (água potável “Testemunha”, diluição de 50% ARS e 100% ARS) e subparcelas com cinco períodos de coleta da ARS para análise química [0 (caracterização), 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias], sendo a coleta das plantas de aguapé realizada aos 28 dias, junto a última coleta da ARS. O cultivo de aguapé em 100% de ARS proporcionou maior absorção de nutrientes, desenvolvimento e acúmulo de matéria seca desta macrófita aquática, reduzindo gradativamente conforme vai diminuindo a concentração da ARS. Recomenda-se o cultivo do aguapé em ARS com maior concentração de nutrientes, mesmo que se tenha maior concentração de Al e Na, e menor disponibilidade de O2. Ou seja, o aguapé se beneficia nutricionalmente ao fazer o polimento da ARS, e assim se manejado corretamente, pode trazer benefícios aos mananciais eutrofizados.
Swine wastewater (SWW) is considered to be a major environmental problem, but water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) seems to have a capacity for adaptation in environments with high concentration of the same, which may be interesting to reduce nutrients and loads organic matter of this material, the destination of which are fountains or even ponds known as sinks, causing environmental problems such as eutrophication. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the polishing SWW in different concentrations, by the E. crassipes crop, was determined the concentration of chemical elements present in the SWW, as well as the accumulation of these elements in the dry matter and production of this macrophyte. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the ETEC (Agricultural College) of Presidente Prudente - SP, Brazil. We used the fully randomized experimental design with split plots and five replications. The plots consisted of three treatments ("Witness" drinking water, 50% of SWW and 100% of SWW dilution) and the five-period ARS collection periods for chemical analysis [0 (characterization), 7, 14, 21 and 28 days]. The collection of the E. crassipes plants was carried out at 28 days along with the last SWW collection. The E. crassipes cropped in 100% SWW provided greater nutrient uptake, plant development and dry matter accumulation of this aquatic macrophyte, reducing gradually as the SWW concentration decreases. It is recommended the E. crassipes crop in SWW with higher concentration of nutrients, even if there is a higher concentration of Al and Na, and less O2 availability. That is to say, the E. crassipes benefits nutritionally when polishing the SWW, and thus if handled correctly, can bring benefits to the eutrophic fountains.
Swine wastewater (SWW) is considered to be a major environmental problem, but water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) seems to have a capacity for adaptation in environments with high concentration of the same, which may be interesting to reduce nutrients and loads organic matter of this material, the destination of which are fountains or even ponds known as sinks, causing environmental problems such as eutrophication. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the polishing SWW in different concentrations, by the E. crassipes crop, was determined the concentration of chemical elements present in the SWW, as well as the accumulation of these elements in the dry matter and production of this macrophyte. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the ETEC (Agricultural College) of Presidente Prudente - SP, Brazil. We used the fully randomized experimental design with split plots and five replications. The plots consisted of three treatments ("Witness" drinking water, 50% of SWW and 100% of SWW dilution) and the five-period ARS collection periods for chemical analysis [0 (characterization), 7, 14, 21 and 28 days]. The collection of the E. crassipes plants was carried out at 28 days along with the last SWW collection. The E. crassipes cropped in 100% SWW provided greater nutrient uptake, plant development and dry matter accumulation of this aquatic macrophyte, reducing gradually as the SWW concentration decreases. It is recommended the E. crassipes crop in SWW with higher concentration of nutrients, even if there is a higher concentration of Al and Na, and less O2 availability. That is to say, the E. crassipes benefits nutritionally when polishing the SWW, and thus if handled correctly, can bring benefits to the eutrophic fountains.
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Palavras-chave
Eichhornia crassipes, Efluente, Plantas aquáticas, Effluent, Aquatic plants