Caracterização de compósitos poliméricos feitos com resíduos pós-consumo (poliestireno de alto impacto) e industriais (lama vermelha e fibra de vidro/resina epóxi)
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Data
2019-01-25
Autores
Barbosa, Juliana Thomaz Lefloch
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Apesar da inovação em ciência e tecnologia e do aumento da eficiência de processos produtivos, cada vez mais são buscadas soluções para diminuir a quantidade de resíduos industriais e pós-consumo. A energia eólica (energia limpa) é um setor que está em grande expansão, pois apresentou em 2015 um crescimento de 77% em comparação a 2014. Um dos componentes dos conjuntos geradores é a pá eólica, confeccionada basicamente de uma estrutura feita de resina epóxi, fibras de vidro, madeira e adesivo. O Brasil é o maior produtor de resíduos eletroeletrônicos da América Latina, com mais de 2 milhões de toneladas em 2016. Em relação a 2014, o crescimento foi de quase 10%, sendo que apenas 20% deles foram reciclados. A lama vermelha é um resíduo alcalino, gerada na produção do alumínio que oferece riscos ambientais. Este trabalho visa incorporar a resina epóxi com fibra de vidro e a lama vermelha, em poliestireno de alto impacto (HIPS) presente em resíduos pós-consumo de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos. Os resíduos de produção de alumínio e de pás eólicas foram caracterizados e posteriormente incorporados no HIPS nas proporções de 5%, 10% e 15% (em massa) através do processo de extrusão. Os compósitos então produzidos foram caracterizados pela presença de orgânicos, pelos ensaios teor de umidade, ensaios de índice de fluidez e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados pelo processo de injeção e caracterizados pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e composição elementar feita através da técnica de espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS). Foram ainda submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de tração e impacto. Os resultados mostraram que os teores de umidade ficaram dentro das especificações do HIPS reciclado, enquanto os ensaios mecânicos de resistência à tração das incorporações HIPS com 15% de fibra-resina mostraram um aumento em média de 4% e atingiram um acréscimo médio de 34% na elasticidade em relação ao poliestireno puro.
Despite the science and technology’s innovation and the efficiency of processes’ production, sought solutions to reduce the amount of industrial and post-consumer waste are increasingly. Wind energy (clean energy) is a sector that is in great expansion, having in 2015 a growth of 77% compared to 2014. One of the components of the generator sets is the wind turbine, basically made of a structure made of epoxy resin, fiberglass, wood and glue. Brazil is the largest producer of electrical and electronic waste in Latin America, with more than 2 million tons in 2016. Compared to 2014, growth was almost 10%, with only 20% of them being recycled. Red mud is an alkaline residue that offers environmental risks. This project aims to incorporate the epoxy resin together with fiberglass and the red mud, in high impact polystyrene (HIPS) present in post consumer waste electrical and electronic equipment. Aluminum and wind turbine waste were characterized and later incorporated into HIPS in the proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% (by mass) through the extrusion process. The composites were characterized by the presence of organic, moisture content tests, fluidity index tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The specimens were prepared by the injection process and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and elemental composition made using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). These composites were mechanically evaluated in tensile and impact strength. The results showed that the moisture contents were within the specifications of the recycled HIPS, while the tensile strength mechanical tests of HIPS incorporations with 15% of fiber-resin showed an average increase of 4% and reached an average increase of 34% in elasticity relative to pure polystyrene.
Despite the science and technology’s innovation and the efficiency of processes’ production, sought solutions to reduce the amount of industrial and post-consumer waste are increasingly. Wind energy (clean energy) is a sector that is in great expansion, having in 2015 a growth of 77% compared to 2014. One of the components of the generator sets is the wind turbine, basically made of a structure made of epoxy resin, fiberglass, wood and glue. Brazil is the largest producer of electrical and electronic waste in Latin America, with more than 2 million tons in 2016. Compared to 2014, growth was almost 10%, with only 20% of them being recycled. Red mud is an alkaline residue that offers environmental risks. This project aims to incorporate the epoxy resin together with fiberglass and the red mud, in high impact polystyrene (HIPS) present in post consumer waste electrical and electronic equipment. Aluminum and wind turbine waste were characterized and later incorporated into HIPS in the proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% (by mass) through the extrusion process. The composites were characterized by the presence of organic, moisture content tests, fluidity index tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The specimens were prepared by the injection process and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and elemental composition made using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). These composites were mechanically evaluated in tensile and impact strength. The results showed that the moisture contents were within the specifications of the recycled HIPS, while the tensile strength mechanical tests of HIPS incorporations with 15% of fiber-resin showed an average increase of 4% and reached an average increase of 34% in elasticity relative to pure polystyrene.
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Palavras-chave
Resíduos industriais, Incorporação, Poliestireno, Industrial residues, Incorporation, Polystyrene