Gerenciamento dos treinamentos isotônico, isométrico e pliométrico para identificar a variação da força muscular dos membros inferiores de atletas amadores de futebol americano
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2018-12-10
Autores
Soares, Marcello da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O treinamento de força muscular tornou-se uma das formas mais populares de exercícios para melhorar a aptidão física de um indivíduo, exercendo um papel fundamental no condicionamento físico, na performance esportiva e na hipertrofia muscular utilizando o mecanismo da contração muscular como base para sua realização. Este estudo teve como objetivos promover por meio de uma ferramenta de gerenciamento dos métodos de treinamento físico isotônico, isométrico e pliométrico a quantificação da variação de força muscular dos membros inferiores em atletas amadores de Futebol Americano em Boa Vista, Roraima, relacionar com o perfil antropométrico dos mesmos e validar um sistema de gerenciamento do treinamento de acordo com o método mais apropriado. A amostra foi composta por 15 participantes, homens e mulheres, com idade média de 23,6 ±3,70 anos, estatura média de 1,67 ±0,10 metros e massa corporal médio 80,2 ±27,99 quilos, que foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, realização de testes motores e aplicação de treinamento utilizando os métodos de treinamento isotônico, isométrico e pliométrico. As avaliações antropométricas e dos testes motores foram realizadas na Semana 0, 1ª coleta e a 2ª coleta na Semana 9. Os participantes foram divididos em três grupos de métodos de treinamento: pliométrico (G1: n= 5), isométrico (G2: n= 5) e isotônico (G3: n= 5), que foi o grupo controle, isotônico em Circuit training. Entre as coletas, os participantes foram submetidos a três sessões de treinamento semanal, com 40 minutos de duração em cada sessão. Foi aplicada a estatística descritiva, identificando a Média e DP para cada variável e feita a relação percentual do valor obtido. Nos testes motores foi aplicada a análise pelo t-teste pareado (α = 0.05). Os resultados mostram que G1, G2 e G3 apresentam o perfil antropométrico Endomorfo-mesomorfo. O t-teste pareado constata que houve diferença estatística significativa em todos os testes quando avaliamos a amostra como 1 único grupo e a diferença ocorre em poucos testes quando dividimos a amostra em 3 grupos por método de treinamento. Conclui-se que o perfil antropométrico pode influenciar no desempenho esportivo, dependendo das funções que são exigidas em sua prática de jogo, que o período de 8 semanas de treinamento físico generalizado é suficiente para haver ganho de força nos membros inferiores em jogadores amadores de Futebol Americano e é possível validar um sistema de gerenciamento do treinamento mais apropriado para cada grupo estudado.
Muscle strength training has become one of the most popular forms of exercise to improve an individual's physical fitness, playing a key role in physical conditioning, athletic performance and muscle hypertrophy using the muscle contraction mechanism as the basis for their performance. The purpose of this study was to promote the quantification of the muscular strength variation of the lower limbs in amateur American footballers in Boa Vista, Roraima, using a tool for the management of isotonic, isometric and plyometric physical training methods, to relate to the anthropometric profile and validate a training management system according to the most appropriate method. The sample consisted of 15 participants, men and women, with a mean age of 23.6 ± 3.70 years, mean height of 1.67 ± 0.10 meters and mean body mass of 80.2 ± 27.99 kg, which were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, motor tests and training application using isotonic, isometric and plyometric training methods. The anthropometric and motor tests were performed at Week 0, 1st collection and 2nd collection at Week 9. Participants were divided into three groups of training methods: plyometric (G1: n = 5), isometric (G2: n = 5) and isotonic (G3: n = 5), which was the control group, isotonic in Circuit training. Among the samples, participants were submitted to three weekly training sessions, each lasting 40 minutes. Descriptive statistics were applied, identifying the mean and SD for each variable and the percentage relation of the value obtained. In the motor tests the analysis was applied by paired t-test (α = 0.05). The results show that G1, G2 and G3 present the anthropometric profile of Endomorph-mesomorph. The paired t-test found that there was a statistically significant difference in all tests when we evaluated the sample as 1 single group and the difference occurs in few tests when we divided the sample into 3 groups by training method. It is concluded that the anthropometric profile can influence sports performance, depending on the functions that are required in their game practice, that the period of 8 weeks of generalized physical training is enough to gain strength in the lower limbs in amateur soccer players and it is possible to validate a more appropriate training management system for each group studied.
Muscle strength training has become one of the most popular forms of exercise to improve an individual's physical fitness, playing a key role in physical conditioning, athletic performance and muscle hypertrophy using the muscle contraction mechanism as the basis for their performance. The purpose of this study was to promote the quantification of the muscular strength variation of the lower limbs in amateur American footballers in Boa Vista, Roraima, using a tool for the management of isotonic, isometric and plyometric physical training methods, to relate to the anthropometric profile and validate a training management system according to the most appropriate method. The sample consisted of 15 participants, men and women, with a mean age of 23.6 ± 3.70 years, mean height of 1.67 ± 0.10 meters and mean body mass of 80.2 ± 27.99 kg, which were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, motor tests and training application using isotonic, isometric and plyometric training methods. The anthropometric and motor tests were performed at Week 0, 1st collection and 2nd collection at Week 9. Participants were divided into three groups of training methods: plyometric (G1: n = 5), isometric (G2: n = 5) and isotonic (G3: n = 5), which was the control group, isotonic in Circuit training. Among the samples, participants were submitted to three weekly training sessions, each lasting 40 minutes. Descriptive statistics were applied, identifying the mean and SD for each variable and the percentage relation of the value obtained. In the motor tests the analysis was applied by paired t-test (α = 0.05). The results show that G1, G2 and G3 present the anthropometric profile of Endomorph-mesomorph. The paired t-test found that there was a statistically significant difference in all tests when we evaluated the sample as 1 single group and the difference occurs in few tests when we divided the sample into 3 groups by training method. It is concluded that the anthropometric profile can influence sports performance, depending on the functions that are required in their game practice, that the period of 8 weeks of generalized physical training is enough to gain strength in the lower limbs in amateur soccer players and it is possible to validate a more appropriate training management system for each group studied.
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Palavras-chave
Gerenciamento, Antropometria, Testes físicos, Treinamento físico, Isométrico, Isotônico, Pliométrico, Força muscular., Exercício isométrico, Educação física, Business management, Anthropometry, Physical tests, Physical training, Isometric, Isotonic, Plyometric, Muscle strength