Gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos: as interdependências entre a comunicação e a coleta seletiva
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Data
2019-02-20
Autores
Dadario, Natália
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O município de Tupã foi um dos pioneiros do Brasil a inserir a coleta seletiva em seu sistema de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), entretanto, o sistema ainda carece de melhorias. Um dos aspectos que devem ser levados em consideração é o papel da comunicação na efetividade do programa. Neste aspecto, essa dissertação teve como objetivo analisar as formas de comunicação adotadas no Programa de Coleta Seletiva (PCS) de RSU do município de Tupã/SP. Para a consecução dos objetivos, foi identificado como a comunicação está inserida nas políticas públicas referentes à gestão de RSU, foi delineado o processo comunicacional utilizado entre os atores envolvidos no processo, foram identificadas as lacunas da comunicação e, por fim, foram identificadas possibilidades de melhoria nos aspectos comunicacionais investigados. A pesquisa contou com um estudo de caso para descrição do processo de comunicação do município analisado e também com uma pesquisa documental, em que foi possível detectar a magnitude em que a comunicação está inserida dentro das políticas públicas do município de Tupã. A técnica aplicada para a obtenção dos dados primários foi o formulário. Estes foram aplicados aos gestores públicos da Secretaria de Agricultura e Meio Ambiente e da Seção de Imprensa, ao presidente da cooperativa do município e a uma amostra da população do mesmo. Para a escolha da amostra da população foi utilizada duas técnicas de amostragem, a amostragem estratificada e a amostragem por conglomerados. Como método de análise utilizou-se a análise documental, a análise exploratória dos dados, a análise descritiva, com gráficos e tabelas comparativas e a regressão logística múltipla, a fim de consolidar as percepções observadas acerca dos aspectos comuns constatados, e que permitiram realizar afirmações acerca das características populacionais da amostra selecionada. Dentre os resultados obtidos no estudo, foram identificadas que nos três documentos analisados da pesquisa documental, nenhum apresentou diretrizes práticas no campo comunicacional para a gestão de RSU, especialmente para a coleta seletiva, pois não continham estratégias, plano de ação e metas pré-estabelecidas. Além disto, na pesquisa exploratória constatou-se que há o distanciamento entre população e cooperativa que prejudica a interatividade entre estes atores; as informações veiculadas atualmente são insuficientes para reforçar o comportamento na população, pois não levam em consideração fatores ambientais, sociais e econômicos como forma de mobilização; e o meio de comunicação mais eficaz perante a população (autofalantes nos caminhões) já não é mais utilizado para divulgação do programa. Desta forma, a comunicação no PCS analisado ainda carece de melhorias, uma vez que o estudo identificou ruídos na comunicação que conduzem a falhas na coleta seletiva do município em questão.
The county of Tupã was one of the pioneers in Brazil to insert the selective collection in its municipal solid waste management (MSW) system, however, it still needs improvements. One of the aspects that should be considered is the communication function in the effectiveness of the program. In this aspect, this thesis had as an objective to analyze the communication forms adopted in the Program of Selective Collection (PCS) of RSU in Tupã city / SP. In order to achieve the objectives, it was identified how the communication is inserted in the public policies related to MSW management, the communicational process used among the subjects involved in the process was outlined, the communication failures were identified and, finally, possibilities of improvement in the communicational aspects investigated were identified. The research encompassed a case study to describe the communication process of the municipality analyzed and it also involved a documentary research, where it was possible to detect the grandeur in which the communication is inserted within the public policies of the Tupã county. The technique used to obtain the primary data was by using forms. These forms were applied to the public Managers of the Department of Agriculture and Environment and the Press Section, to the President of the cooperative in the municipality and to a population sample in this city. Two sampling techniques were used to select the population sample, stratified sampling and sampling by clusters. As a method of analysis we used documentary analysis, exploratory data analysis, descriptive analysis, including charts and comparative tables and multiple logistic regression, in order to consolidate the observed perceptions about the common aspects verified, that allowed us to assert about population characteristics of the selected sample. Among the results obtained in the study, it was identified that in the three documents analyzed from the documentary research, none presented practical guidelines in the communicational field for MSW management, especially for the selective collection, since they didn’t contain strategies, action plan and pre-established goals. In addition, in the exploratory research it was verified that there is the distance between population and cooperative that harms the interactivity between these actors; the current information is insufficient to reinforce behavior in the population, since they don’t take into account environmental, social and economic factors as a form of mobilization; and the most effective means of communication to the public (speakers on the trucks) is no longer used to publicize the program. Thus, the communication in the analyzed PCS still lacks improvements, since the study identified noises in the communication that lead to failures in the selective collection of the county in question.
The county of Tupã was one of the pioneers in Brazil to insert the selective collection in its municipal solid waste management (MSW) system, however, it still needs improvements. One of the aspects that should be considered is the communication function in the effectiveness of the program. In this aspect, this thesis had as an objective to analyze the communication forms adopted in the Program of Selective Collection (PCS) of RSU in Tupã city / SP. In order to achieve the objectives, it was identified how the communication is inserted in the public policies related to MSW management, the communicational process used among the subjects involved in the process was outlined, the communication failures were identified and, finally, possibilities of improvement in the communicational aspects investigated were identified. The research encompassed a case study to describe the communication process of the municipality analyzed and it also involved a documentary research, where it was possible to detect the grandeur in which the communication is inserted within the public policies of the Tupã county. The technique used to obtain the primary data was by using forms. These forms were applied to the public Managers of the Department of Agriculture and Environment and the Press Section, to the President of the cooperative in the municipality and to a population sample in this city. Two sampling techniques were used to select the population sample, stratified sampling and sampling by clusters. As a method of analysis we used documentary analysis, exploratory data analysis, descriptive analysis, including charts and comparative tables and multiple logistic regression, in order to consolidate the observed perceptions about the common aspects verified, that allowed us to assert about population characteristics of the selected sample. Among the results obtained in the study, it was identified that in the three documents analyzed from the documentary research, none presented practical guidelines in the communicational field for MSW management, especially for the selective collection, since they didn’t contain strategies, action plan and pre-established goals. In addition, in the exploratory research it was verified that there is the distance between population and cooperative that harms the interactivity between these actors; the current information is insufficient to reinforce behavior in the population, since they don’t take into account environmental, social and economic factors as a form of mobilization; and the most effective means of communication to the public (speakers on the trucks) is no longer used to publicize the program. Thus, the communication in the analyzed PCS still lacks improvements, since the study identified noises in the communication that lead to failures in the selective collection of the county in question.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos, Comunicação, Coleta Seletiva, Políticas Públicas, Cooperativa de Reciclagem, Municipal Solid Waste, Communication, Selective Collect, Public Policy, Recycling Cooperative