Avaliação bioquímica e morfohistológica de coelhas expostas a acaricida obtido a partir do ácido ricinoléico do óleo de mamona
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Data
2019-02-26
Autores
Sodelli, Luís Fernando
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No presente trabalho verificou-se o efeito dos ésteres do ácido ricinoléico do óleo de mamona, acaricida químico natural pela avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue e da urina e a morfofisiologia do fígado de coelhas, aqui utilizadas como modelo de hospedeiros de carrapatos, alimentadas com ração enriquecida com os referidos ésteres. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos Bioensaios 1 (ração + NaCl) e 2 (ração + ésteres + NaCl) mostraram que os parâmetros clínicos nas análises das enzimas hepáticas fosfatase alcalina (FAT), gama glutamil transferase (GGT) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) não foram significativamente alterados, exceto para a enzima hepática aspartato aminotransferase (AST) das coelhas do Bioensaio 2, que apresentou maior variância indicando que os ésteres são hepatotóxicos. Os resultados obtidos nas análises das amostras de urina para os parâmetros hemoglobina livre, proteína, bilirrubina e urobilinogênio demonstraram que os índices de referência não foram alterados. Os dados morfohistológicos e histoquímicos do fígado mostraram que as coelhas alimentadas com ração enriquecida tiveram o tecido hepático alterado, o que foi confirmado pela desorganização dos cordões hepáticos, aumento do espaço intercelular, presença de hepatócitos com limites celulares pouco distintos e de núcleos irregulares e picnóticos, geralmente deslocados para a periferia da célula devido a presença de vacúolos. Histoquimicamente detectou-se nas coelhas do Bioensaio 2 redução na presença de lipídeos e aumento dos depósitos de glicogênio. Verificou-se ainda nestas células hepáticas, atividade da fosfatase ácida, provavelmente resultado da toxicidade causada pelos ésteres, com consequente desorganização celular/tecidual do fígado. Assim, os resultados aqui obtidos sinalizaram que os ésteres ofertados às coelhas hospedeiras nas condições experimentais aqui descritas alteraram a morfofisiologia do tecido hepático das mesmas, informações importantes que deverão ser consideradas quando da exposição de hospedeiros de carrapatos a este acaricida.
The present study verified the effects of castor oil ricinoleic acid, a natural chemical acaricide, on the clinical blood and urine parameters and on the liver morphophysiology of female rabbits (used as a model of tick hosts) fed with commercial food enriched with castor oil esters. Bioassays 1 (commercial food + NaCl) and 2 (food + esters + NaCl) demonstrated that the clinical parameters of the hepatic enzyme alkaline phosphatase (FAT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not significantly altered, except for the hepatic enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the rabbits belonging to Bioassay 2, which presented greater variability, indicating that the esters are hepatotoxic. The analyses of the urine samples for the parameters free hemoglobin, protein, bilirubin and urobilinogen demonstrated that the esters were not toxic to the female rabbits. The morphohistological and histochemical data showed that the rabbits fed with enriched food had the hepatic tissue altered, which was confirmed by the disorganization of the hepatic cords, enlargement of the intercellular space, presence of hepatocytes with little evident limits and irregular and pyknotic nuclei, mostly dislocated to the cell periphery due to the presence of vacuoles. Histochemically, the female rabbits of Bioassay 2 presented a decrease in the number of lipids and increased amount of glycogen. In addition, the hepatic cells of these rabbits showed activity of acid phosphatase, probably the result of the toxicity caused by the esters, with consequent disorganization of the liver cells and tissues. Thus, the results provided by the present study signalize that the esters offered to the host rabbits under the experimental conditions described herein altered the morphophysiology of the hepatic tissue, important information regarding the exposure of tick hosts to this acaricide.
The present study verified the effects of castor oil ricinoleic acid, a natural chemical acaricide, on the clinical blood and urine parameters and on the liver morphophysiology of female rabbits (used as a model of tick hosts) fed with commercial food enriched with castor oil esters. Bioassays 1 (commercial food + NaCl) and 2 (food + esters + NaCl) demonstrated that the clinical parameters of the hepatic enzyme alkaline phosphatase (FAT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not significantly altered, except for the hepatic enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the rabbits belonging to Bioassay 2, which presented greater variability, indicating that the esters are hepatotoxic. The analyses of the urine samples for the parameters free hemoglobin, protein, bilirubin and urobilinogen demonstrated that the esters were not toxic to the female rabbits. The morphohistological and histochemical data showed that the rabbits fed with enriched food had the hepatic tissue altered, which was confirmed by the disorganization of the hepatic cords, enlargement of the intercellular space, presence of hepatocytes with little evident limits and irregular and pyknotic nuclei, mostly dislocated to the cell periphery due to the presence of vacuoles. Histochemically, the female rabbits of Bioassay 2 presented a decrease in the number of lipids and increased amount of glycogen. In addition, the hepatic cells of these rabbits showed activity of acid phosphatase, probably the result of the toxicity caused by the esters, with consequent disorganization of the liver cells and tissues. Thus, the results provided by the present study signalize that the esters offered to the host rabbits under the experimental conditions described herein altered the morphophysiology of the hepatic tissue, important information regarding the exposure of tick hosts to this acaricide.
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Palavras-chave
Éster do ácido ricinoléico, Enzimas hepáticas, Morfofisiologia, Carrapatos, Ricinoleic acid ester, Hepatic enzymes, Morphophysiology, Ticks