Avaliação de diferentes fontes de fósforo sobre desempenho produtivo e características ósseas de frangos de corte criado de 1 a 42 dias de idade
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Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Ribeiro, Heloisa Varella
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram conduzidos dois ensaios para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de diferentes fontes de fósforo sobre o desempenho, digestibilidade de minerais e características ósseas de frangos de corte. Um total de 1,200 frangos machos, Cobb 500® foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições com 30 aves cada. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram de duas dietas formuladas, diferindo entre si quanto à fonte de P: fosfato bicálcico (FB) ou farinha de carne e ossos (FCO). Nos outros dois tratamentos, a única fonte de fósforo disponível foi o ácido fosfórico conjugado com ácido ricinoleico, que foram incluídos a 1kg/ton (FO - 1,0) e 1,5kg/ton (FO - 1,5). Aos 21 e 42 dias de idade, aves e rações foram pesados para determinar o ganho de peso corporal (GP) e o consumo de ração (CR). A conversão alimentar (CA) foi obtida a partir desses dados. Aos 42 dias de idade, duas aves por unidade experimental foram selecionadas, abatidas e tiveram as tíbias removidas para posterior análise do teor de Ca, P e cinzas. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade, 240 frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb 500®, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 10 repetições, sendo 6 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram representados pelas mesmas dietas utilizadas no ensaio de desempenho. As aves receberam as dietas experimentais por 10 dias (do 15º ao 25º de idade), sendo cinco dias de adaptação e cinco dias para coleta de excretas. O consumo e as excretas foram contabilizadas para determinação da digestibilidade de Ca e P das dietas. Na fase inicial, aves alimentadas com as dietas contendo FCO apresentaram o maior GP em comparação aos outros grupos do tratamento (P<0,05). Aves alimentadas com o menor nível de FO tiveram a menor CA e GP entre os tratamentos (P<0,05). Aves alimentadas com dietas contendo FCO e FB não diferiram entre si em relação aos valores de CA. No período total, o GP foi maior em aves alimentadas com dietas de FCO e FB e menor em aves alimentadas com FO. Ao contrário da fase inicial, não houve diferença significativa na CA entre os tratamentos. Frangos de corte alimentados com as dietas FB e FCO apresentaram teor de cinzas ósseas igual, cujas médias foram maiores em comparação com frangos de corte alimentados com as dietas FO. Frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo FO apresentaram menor concentração de P e Ca nos ossos em comparação com dietas contendo frango contendo FB, mas apresentaram conteúdo igual em P e Ca para frangos de corte alimentados com dietas FCO. A digestibilidade do P foi de 71, 69, 75 e 79%, enquanto para o Ca foram 72, 72, 70 e 78% para os tratamentos FB, FCP, FO (1,0) e FO (1,5), respectivamente. Não houve diferença na digestibilidade de P e Ca quando as aves foram alimentadas com dietas contendo FB e FCO. No entanto, os resultados indicam que as aves que receberam FO (1,5) melhoraram a digestibilidade de P e Ca. O aumento no nível de FO também aumentou a digestibilidade do P (P <0,05). Com base nos resultados, a digestibilidade de P e Ca foi maior quando as aves receberam dietas com ácido fosfórico conjugado com ácido ricinoleico, o que pode contribuir para a redução desses minerais para o meio ambiente.
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of different sources of phosphorus on performance, nutrient digestibility and bone characteristics of broilers. A total of 1.200 d-old male Cobb500® broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments with ten replicates of 30 birds. Experimental treatments consisted of two diets formulated, differing from each other with regard to the source of available P: dicalcium phosphate (DP) or meat-bone meal (MBM). In the other two treatments, despite the phosphorus contained in cereals, the unique source of available phosphorus was the phosphoric acid conjugated with ricinoleic acid, which were included at 1kg/ton (OP – 1.0) and 1.5kg/ton (OP – 1.5). At 21 and 42 d of age, birds and feeders were weighted to determine body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained from these data. At 42 d of age, two broilers per pen were selected, slaughtered and tibia were removed for further analysis of calcium (Ca), P and ash content. For the digestibility assay, a total of 240 males, Cobb 500® were randomly distributed in four treatments and 10 replicates of six broilers each. The diets tested in digestibility trial were the same used in performance assay. Broilers received the experimental diets for 10 days (from 15 to 25 days old), five days of adaptation and five days for excreta collection. The excreta was sampled to determine dry matter, total inorganic P and Ca used to calculate digestibility of P and Ca. In the starter phase, broiler feed with diets containing MBM as main source of P exhibited the highest BWG compared with other treatment groups (P<0.05). Birds fed the lowest level of OP had the lowest FI and BWG among treatments (P<0.05). Birds fed diets containing MBM and DP did not differ from each other with respect to FCR values. Overall period, BWG was higher in birds fed MBM and DP diets abd lower in birds fed OP. Contrary to the starter phase, FCR was unaffected by treatments in the overall period. Broilers fed DP and MBM diets exhibited equal bone ash content, whose means were higher compared with broilers fed OP (1.0) and OP (1.5) diets. Broilers fed OP diets exhibited lower P and Ca concentration in bones compared with broiler fed diets containing DP, but exhibited equal P and Ca content to broilers fed MBM diets. The digestibility of P were 71, 69, 75, and 79%, whereas for Ca were 72, 72, 70, and 78% for treatments DP, MBM, OP (1.0) and OP (1.5), respectively. There was no difference (P>0.05) on digestibility of P and Ca when birds are fed with diets containing DP and MBM as the main source of phosphorus. However, the results indicate that birds receiving an OP at 1.5 kg/ton diet improved the digestibility of P and Ca, compared to the other treatments. The increase in the level of OP also increased the digestibility of P (P<0.05) with no impact on Ca. Based on results, the digestibility of P and Ca was higher when birds received diets with phosphoric acid conjugated with ricinoleic acid, which may contribute to the reduction of these minerals to the environment.
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of different sources of phosphorus on performance, nutrient digestibility and bone characteristics of broilers. A total of 1.200 d-old male Cobb500® broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments with ten replicates of 30 birds. Experimental treatments consisted of two diets formulated, differing from each other with regard to the source of available P: dicalcium phosphate (DP) or meat-bone meal (MBM). In the other two treatments, despite the phosphorus contained in cereals, the unique source of available phosphorus was the phosphoric acid conjugated with ricinoleic acid, which were included at 1kg/ton (OP – 1.0) and 1.5kg/ton (OP – 1.5). At 21 and 42 d of age, birds and feeders were weighted to determine body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained from these data. At 42 d of age, two broilers per pen were selected, slaughtered and tibia were removed for further analysis of calcium (Ca), P and ash content. For the digestibility assay, a total of 240 males, Cobb 500® were randomly distributed in four treatments and 10 replicates of six broilers each. The diets tested in digestibility trial were the same used in performance assay. Broilers received the experimental diets for 10 days (from 15 to 25 days old), five days of adaptation and five days for excreta collection. The excreta was sampled to determine dry matter, total inorganic P and Ca used to calculate digestibility of P and Ca. In the starter phase, broiler feed with diets containing MBM as main source of P exhibited the highest BWG compared with other treatment groups (P<0.05). Birds fed the lowest level of OP had the lowest FI and BWG among treatments (P<0.05). Birds fed diets containing MBM and DP did not differ from each other with respect to FCR values. Overall period, BWG was higher in birds fed MBM and DP diets abd lower in birds fed OP. Contrary to the starter phase, FCR was unaffected by treatments in the overall period. Broilers fed DP and MBM diets exhibited equal bone ash content, whose means were higher compared with broilers fed OP (1.0) and OP (1.5) diets. Broilers fed OP diets exhibited lower P and Ca concentration in bones compared with broiler fed diets containing DP, but exhibited equal P and Ca content to broilers fed MBM diets. The digestibility of P were 71, 69, 75, and 79%, whereas for Ca were 72, 72, 70, and 78% for treatments DP, MBM, OP (1.0) and OP (1.5), respectively. There was no difference (P>0.05) on digestibility of P and Ca when birds are fed with diets containing DP and MBM as the main source of phosphorus. However, the results indicate that birds receiving an OP at 1.5 kg/ton diet improved the digestibility of P and Ca, compared to the other treatments. The increase in the level of OP also increased the digestibility of P (P<0.05) with no impact on Ca. Based on results, the digestibility of P and Ca was higher when birds received diets with phosphoric acid conjugated with ricinoleic acid, which may contribute to the reduction of these minerals to the environment.
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Palavras-chave
Aves, Digestibilidade, Meio ambiente, Minerais quelatados, Tíbia