Contrapontos entre Freud e Lacan sobre a angústia: perspectivas do Seminário 10 para Inibição, sintoma e angústia.
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Nakashima, Antonio Henrique Ruiz
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A angústia é um afeto que aflige o ser humano em todas as fases da vida e pode ser descrita a partir de seus efeitos e correspondentes fisiológicos. Porém, uma caracterização em termos dinâmicos e propriamente psíquicos se faz necessária, tratando-se de um afeto. Freud envidou esforços para tanto, formulando teorias a respeito da angústia. Em Inibição, sintoma e angústia, ensaio publicado em 1926, ele estabeleceu sua última definição quanto a ela. Entretanto, Lacan, em seminário ministrado entre os anos 1962 e 1963, dedicado ao tema (Seminário 10), recorre ao ensaio de Freud, problematizando alguns pontos e propondo resoluções para os impasses levantados. A partir desse balizamento teórico, a presente pesquisa visa a tematização da angústia segundo o recorte dos momentos da produção intelectual de Freud e Lacan, concernentes às duas obras mencionadas. Trata-se um estudo teórico na área da metapsicologia, tomando a angústia como elemento motivador fundamental da subjetividade. O objetivo geral da investigação constitui-se pelo cotejamento entre as teorias de Freud e Lacan, presentes nas obras Inibição, sintoma e angústia e Seminário 10, buscando caracterizar a angústia em ambas, atentando-se para possíveis aproximações e divergências. A partir disso, o trabalho almeja identificar as perspectivas que o Seminário 10 pode oferecer para a leitura de Inibição, sintoma e angústia. A metodologia consiste na interpretação de ambas as obras, contando com comentadores que se dedicaram ao tema em questão. O expediente hermenêutico utilizado constitui-se pela aproximação entre a perspectiva desconstrutiva e uma abordagem do texto a partir do método psicanalítico. Verificamos que as proposições de Inibição, sintoma e angústia têm como referência o campo edípico. É a partir dele que são elaboradas as questões atinentes à problemática defensiva, envolvendo o perigo de castração e a função sinalizadora da angustia. Tais formulações pressupõem inscrição psíquica, estando fundamentadas em um paradigma representacional. Entretanto, elas são elaboradas sobre o pano de fundo correspondente à dimensão traumática do desamparo, irrepresentável. A investigação trilhada na senda aberta pela angústia, no Seminário 10, levou Lacan aos limites da inserção da subjetividade na linguagem. A construção do objeto a, e da falta não suturável pelo simbólico, a qual ele é correlativo, demarcam o registro do real, distinto do eixo simbólico-imaginário, que é regulado pelas leis do significante e sustentado pela falta simbólica. Concluímos que os encaminhamentos para o tema da angustia, presentes em Seminário 10, ao relacionar a angustia à aproximação do real, registro do inominável, confere destaque à concepção de angustia como afeto negativo, referente à abolição da ordem do sentido, sublinhando assim o aspecto originário e automático da angustia apresentado em Inibição, sintoma e angústia.
Anxiety is an affect that afflicts the human being at all stages of life and can be described from its physiological effects. However, a characterization in dynamic and properly psychic terms is necessary, when it is an affection. Freud has made efforts to formulate theories about anxiety. In Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety, essay published in 1926, he established his last definition of it. However, Lacan, in a seminar uttered between 1962 and 1963, dedicated to the theme (Seminar 10), resorts to Freud's essay, discussing some points and proposing resolutions for the impasses raised. From this theoretical ground, the present research aims at an approach of the anxiety according to the cut of the moments of the intellectual production of Freud and Lacan, concerning the two mentioned works. It is a theoretical study in the area of metapsychology, taking the anxiety as a fundamental motivating element of subjectivity. The general objective of the investigation is the comparison between Freud's and Lacan's theories in the works Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety and Seminar 10, seeking to characterize the anguish in both, considering possible approximations and divergences. From this, the work aims to identify the perspectives that Seminar 10 can offer for the reading of Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety. The methodology consists of the interpretation of both works, counting on commentators who dedicated themselves to the subject in question. The hermeneutical expedient used is the approximation between the deconstruction perspective and an approach of the text based on the psychoanalytic method. We verify that the propositions of Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety have as reference the oedipal field. It is from that the issues related to the defensive problem are elaborated, involving the danger of castration and the signaling function of the anxiety. Such formulations presuppose psychic inscription, being based on a representational paradigm. However, they are elaborated on the background corresponding to the traumatic dimension of helplessness, the unrepresentable one. The investigation traced in the path opened by anxiety, in Seminar 10, led Lacan to the limits of the insertion of subjectivity in language. The construction of the object a, and of the non-suturable lack by the symbolic, to which it is correlative, demarcate the register of the real, distinct from the symbolic-imaginary axis, which is regulated by the laws of the signifier and sustained by the symbolic lack. We conclude that the referrals to the theme of anxiety, present in Seminar 10, when relating the anxiety to the approximation of the real, register of the unnameable, emphasizes the concept of anxiety as a negative affection, referring to the abolition of the order of meaning, thus emphasizing the aspect originating and automatic of the anxiety presented in Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety.
Anxiety is an affect that afflicts the human being at all stages of life and can be described from its physiological effects. However, a characterization in dynamic and properly psychic terms is necessary, when it is an affection. Freud has made efforts to formulate theories about anxiety. In Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety, essay published in 1926, he established his last definition of it. However, Lacan, in a seminar uttered between 1962 and 1963, dedicated to the theme (Seminar 10), resorts to Freud's essay, discussing some points and proposing resolutions for the impasses raised. From this theoretical ground, the present research aims at an approach of the anxiety according to the cut of the moments of the intellectual production of Freud and Lacan, concerning the two mentioned works. It is a theoretical study in the area of metapsychology, taking the anxiety as a fundamental motivating element of subjectivity. The general objective of the investigation is the comparison between Freud's and Lacan's theories in the works Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety and Seminar 10, seeking to characterize the anguish in both, considering possible approximations and divergences. From this, the work aims to identify the perspectives that Seminar 10 can offer for the reading of Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety. The methodology consists of the interpretation of both works, counting on commentators who dedicated themselves to the subject in question. The hermeneutical expedient used is the approximation between the deconstruction perspective and an approach of the text based on the psychoanalytic method. We verify that the propositions of Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety have as reference the oedipal field. It is from that the issues related to the defensive problem are elaborated, involving the danger of castration and the signaling function of the anxiety. Such formulations presuppose psychic inscription, being based on a representational paradigm. However, they are elaborated on the background corresponding to the traumatic dimension of helplessness, the unrepresentable one. The investigation traced in the path opened by anxiety, in Seminar 10, led Lacan to the limits of the insertion of subjectivity in language. The construction of the object a, and of the non-suturable lack by the symbolic, to which it is correlative, demarcate the register of the real, distinct from the symbolic-imaginary axis, which is regulated by the laws of the signifier and sustained by the symbolic lack. We conclude that the referrals to the theme of anxiety, present in Seminar 10, when relating the anxiety to the approximation of the real, register of the unnameable, emphasizes the concept of anxiety as a negative affection, referring to the abolition of the order of meaning, thus emphasizing the aspect originating and automatic of the anxiety presented in Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Angústia, Metapsicologia, Psicanálise, Angústia automática, Angústia-sinal, Angústia de castração, Objeto da angústia, Anxiety, Metapsychology, Psychoanalysis, Automatic anxiety, Signal anxiety, Castration anxiety, Anxiety’s object