Helmintos de lobos-marinhos-sul-americanos (Arctocephalus australis) dispersos na Zona de Convergência Subtropical do Atlântico Sul Ocidental
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Data
2018-11-07
Autores
Vivian, Itatiele Farias
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Parasitas são importantes componentes dos ecossistemas e podem contribuir para a elucidação de aspectos ecológicos de seus hospedeiros, assim como podem indicar a integridade de seus ambientes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os helmintos de lobo-marinho-sul-americano Arctocephalus australis encontrados ao norte da Zona de Convergência Subtropical do Atlântico Sul Ocidental, determinar os indicadores de infecção e avaliar as interações parasito-hospedeiros. Foi realizada necropsia parasitológica de 52 tratos gastrointestinais de carcaças de A. australis encontradas na praia durante os anos de 2012, 2016 e 2017. Todos estavam parasitados e ao total foram coletados 104.670 espécimes de helmintos de 14 táxons. Seis em formas adultas: Contracaecum ogmorhini, Strongyloides sp., Adenocephalus pacificus, Stephanoprora uruguayense e Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa e Corynosoma australe, e oito em formas imaturas: Anisakidae gen. sp., Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Tetrabothriidae gen. sp., Cestoda gen. sp., Corynosoma cetaceum e Bolbosoma turbinella. Corynosoma australe foi o parasita mais prevalente (100 %) e abundante (1716), enquanto Strongyloides sp. foi o que apresentou maior intensidade parasitária média (8520). O nematódeo Anisakis sp., o digenético Stephanoprora uruguayense e o acantocéfalo Bolbosoma turbinella foram registrados pela primeira vez nesse hospedeiro. A helmintofauna encontrada no presente trabalho foi semelhante à descrita no Uruguai, onde se encontram as maiorias colônias reprodutivas de lobos-marinhos-sul-americanos no Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Espécies com hábitos generalistas como A. australis podem ser bons indicadores da composição da helmintofauna dos ecossistemas que fazem parte, alertando sobre a presença de parasitas zoonóticos transmitidos pelo consumo de pescado.
Parasites are important components of ecosystems and may contribute to the elucidation of ecological aspects of their hosts, as well as may indicate the integrity of their environments. The present study aimed to identify the helminths of the South Atlantic fur seal Arctocephalus australis found north of the Subtropical Convergence Zone of the Western South Atlantic, to determine the infection indicators and to evaluate the parasite-host interactions. A parasitological necropsy was performed on 52 gastrointestinal tracts of A. australis carcasses found on the beach during the years 2012, 2016 and 2017. All the analyzed animals were parasitized and a total of 104,670 specimens of helminths from 14 taxa were collected. Six species in adult forms: Contracaecum ogmorhini, Strongyloides sp., Adenocephalus pacificus, Stephanoprora uruguayense, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa and Corynosoma australe. Plus eight in immature forms: Anisakidae gen. sp., Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Tetrabothriidae gen. sp., Cestoda gen. sp., Corynosoma cetaceum e Bolbosoma turbinella. Corynosoma australe was the most prevalent (100%) and abundant (1716) parasite, while Strongyloides sp. was the one with the highest mean parasite intensity (8520). The nematode Anisakis sp., the digenetic Stephanoprora uruguayense and the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma turbinella were recorded for the first time in this host. The helminthfauna found in the present study was similar to that described in Uruguay, where most of the reproductive colonies of this species are found in the Western South Atlantic. Species with generalist habits such as A. australis can be good indicators of the composition of helmintofauna in the ecosystems they are part of, sgnaling the presence of zoonotic parasites transmitted by the consumption of fish.
Parasites are important components of ecosystems and may contribute to the elucidation of ecological aspects of their hosts, as well as may indicate the integrity of their environments. The present study aimed to identify the helminths of the South Atlantic fur seal Arctocephalus australis found north of the Subtropical Convergence Zone of the Western South Atlantic, to determine the infection indicators and to evaluate the parasite-host interactions. A parasitological necropsy was performed on 52 gastrointestinal tracts of A. australis carcasses found on the beach during the years 2012, 2016 and 2017. All the analyzed animals were parasitized and a total of 104,670 specimens of helminths from 14 taxa were collected. Six species in adult forms: Contracaecum ogmorhini, Strongyloides sp., Adenocephalus pacificus, Stephanoprora uruguayense, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa and Corynosoma australe. Plus eight in immature forms: Anisakidae gen. sp., Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Tetrabothriidae gen. sp., Cestoda gen. sp., Corynosoma cetaceum e Bolbosoma turbinella. Corynosoma australe was the most prevalent (100%) and abundant (1716) parasite, while Strongyloides sp. was the one with the highest mean parasite intensity (8520). The nematode Anisakis sp., the digenetic Stephanoprora uruguayense and the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma turbinella were recorded for the first time in this host. The helminthfauna found in the present study was similar to that described in Uruguay, where most of the reproductive colonies of this species are found in the Western South Atlantic. Species with generalist habits such as A. australis can be good indicators of the composition of helmintofauna in the ecosystems they are part of, sgnaling the presence of zoonotic parasites transmitted by the consumption of fish.
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Palavras-chave
América do Sul, Otarídeos, Pinnipedia, Parasitas