Desafios, dificuldades e incertezas no trabalho do professor universitário: Estudo de caso em uma universidade pública no interior do Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2019-02-28
Autores
Lalla Júnior, José Roberto de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho desempenha papel de suma importância na vida do homem e no contexto da produção capitalista destacam-se condições laborais com repercussões negativas na saúde dos trabalhadores. Aliado à globalização, o contexto político neoliberal tem reestruturado o mundo do trabalho, desencadeando sérios riscos à saúde física e mental do trabalhador. Neste cenário, o trabalho de professores de universidade pública, embora seja uma atividade intelectual e, de certo modo, com alto grau de autonomia, também está sujeito às mesmas condições existentes no serviço privado e, dessa forma, são pressionados a produzirem cada vez mais, em um ambiente competitivo, sujeitos à avaliação permanente e exposição diária. O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender como se desenvolve o trabalho dos docentes de uma universidade pública estadual e sua relação com o processo saúde-doença. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, ancorado nos pressupostos da Medicina Social Latino Americana, com a participação de 12 professores da Unesp, no câmpus de Botucatu, em diferentes momentos na carreira. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada, a partir de um roteiro previamente elaborado. A análise dos dados revelou diversos aspectos relacionados à atividade docente e resultou em três núcleos de significação: “trabalho real: ‘tem que dar conta’”, “a impossibilidade de desconexão com o trabalho” e “incertezas quanto ao futuro”. Constatou-se uma sobrecarga de trabalho, devido à diversidade de atividades sob pressão de produtividade, que compromete a vida do professor universitário, impedindo que se desconecte de suas atividades, mesmo em momentos que seriam de lazer e de descanso e que, portanto, podem gerar desgastes, sofrimentos e adoecimentos a essa classe de trabalhadores, o que se agrava no atual contexto institucional.
The work plays a very important role in man’s life and, in the context of capitalist production, working conditions with negative repercussions on workers' health stand out. Allied to globalization, the neoliberal political context has restructured the working world, unleashing serious risks to the physical and mental health of the worker. In this scenario, the work of public university professors, although it is an intellectual activity and, in a sense, with a high degree of autonomy, is also subject to the same conditions as those in the private service and, in this way, they are pressured to produce more and more in a competitive environment and submitted to permanent evaluation and daily exposure. The objective of the present study was to understand how the work of the professors from a State public university develops and its relationship with the health-disease process. In order to reach the proposed goal, a qualitative study was carried out, based on the assumptions of the Latin American Social Medicine, with the participation of 12 professors from the São Paulo State University (UNESP), in the Campus of Botucatu, in the countryside of the State of São Paulo, at different moments in the career. For data collection, the semi-structured interview was used, based on a previously elaborated script. Data analysis revealed several aspects related to the teaching activity and resulted in three significant groups: "real work: 'has to account for'", "the impossibility of disconnection from work" and "uncertainties about the future". A work overload was observed due to the diversity of activities under productivity pressure, which compromises the life of the university professor, preventing him from disconnecting himself from his activities, even at moments expected to be of leisure and rest, which, therefore, could turn into fatigue, suffering and illness to this working class, aggravated by the current institutional context.
The work plays a very important role in man’s life and, in the context of capitalist production, working conditions with negative repercussions on workers' health stand out. Allied to globalization, the neoliberal political context has restructured the working world, unleashing serious risks to the physical and mental health of the worker. In this scenario, the work of public university professors, although it is an intellectual activity and, in a sense, with a high degree of autonomy, is also subject to the same conditions as those in the private service and, in this way, they are pressured to produce more and more in a competitive environment and submitted to permanent evaluation and daily exposure. The objective of the present study was to understand how the work of the professors from a State public university develops and its relationship with the health-disease process. In order to reach the proposed goal, a qualitative study was carried out, based on the assumptions of the Latin American Social Medicine, with the participation of 12 professors from the São Paulo State University (UNESP), in the Campus of Botucatu, in the countryside of the State of São Paulo, at different moments in the career. For data collection, the semi-structured interview was used, based on a previously elaborated script. Data analysis revealed several aspects related to the teaching activity and resulted in three significant groups: "real work: 'has to account for'", "the impossibility of disconnection from work" and "uncertainties about the future". A work overload was observed due to the diversity of activities under productivity pressure, which compromises the life of the university professor, preventing him from disconnecting himself from his activities, even at moments expected to be of leisure and rest, which, therefore, could turn into fatigue, suffering and illness to this working class, aggravated by the current institutional context.
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saúde do trabalhador, carga de trabalho, professor universitário, servidor público, worker's health, workloads, university professor, public server