Plantas de cobertura, inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense e adubação com nitrogênio no milho e com zinco na soja na região de cerrado
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Data
2019-02-07
Autores
Parente, Tiago de Lisboa
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de sistemas de cultivo conservacionistas de solo tem proporcionado inúmeros benefícios às culturas produtoras de grãos no Brasil, destacando-se o Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD), que possui cobertura do solo como um de seus três pilares essenciais. Neste sentido, a utilização de gramíneas de alta produção de fitomassa e elevada relação C/N, como o milheto e o capim ruziziensis, são excelentes alternativas para regiões de clima tropical, além disso possuem um sistema radicular eficiente na exploração do perfil do solo. Aliado ao SPD, outras tecnologias também têm se mostrado promissoras na região do Cerrado, como é o caso da inoculação de bactérias promotoras de crescimento, como o Azospirillum brasilense, sendo utilizado com o intuito de reduzir as adubações nitrogenada no milho e melhorar os níveis de produtividade da cultura da soja em associação com bactérias simbióticas fixadoras de N. Na soja, além do uso de A. brasilense, tem sido crescente também o desenvolvimento de pesquisas com adubação de micronutrientes, em especial o Zn. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada associada à inoculação com A. brasilense na cultura do milho cultivado após diferentes plantas de cobertura. E avaliar o efeito da inoculação com A. brasilense e adubação com Zn na soja cultivada após diferentes plantas de cobertura. Os experimentos foram instalados na fazenda de ensino, pesquisa e extensão pertencente à Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2x2x4, sendo duas plantas de cobertura (milheto e capim ruziziensis), inoculação com A. brasilense (com e sem) e quatro doses de nitrogênio no milho (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1), e quatro doses de zinco na soja (0, 3, 6 e 12 kg ha-1 de Zn), com quatro repetições. Inicialmente foram instaladas as duas plantas de cobertura na área, e após o manejo das mesmas, uma parte da área foi cultivada com a cultura do milho e a outra parte com a cultura da soja. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na safra 2015/2016 e repetidos na safra 2016/2017. Foram avaliadas as características morfológicas e produtivas das culturas. Concluiu-se que a produtividade do milho e da soja foram maiores quando semeados após a cultura do milheto. A inoculação com A. brasilense e adubação nitrogenada de cobertura proporcionou a maior produtividade do milho com 175 kg ha-1 de N. Na soja a adubação com Zn aumenta linearmente a produtividade de grãos, e a inoculação com A. brasilense também é recomendada para cultura da soja
The use of soil conservation cropping systems has provided innumerable benefits to grain-producing crops in Brazil, notably the No-Tillage System (NTS), which has soil cover as one of its three essential pillars. In this sense, the use of grasses with high phytomass production and high C / N ratio, such as millet and ruziziensis grass, are excellent alternatives for regions of tropical climate, besides having an efficient root system on the farm of the soil profile. In addition to NTS, other technologies have also been shown to be promising in the Cerrado region, such as the inoculation of growth promoting bacteria, such as Azospirillum brasilense, with the aim of reducing nitrogen fertilization in maize and improving levels of productivity of soybean crop in association with symbiotic N - fixing bacteria. In addition to the use of A. brasilense, the development of research with micronutrient fertilization, especially Zn, has also been increasing. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization associated with inoculation with A. brasilense on maize cultivated after different cover crops. And to evaluate the effect of inoculation with A. brasilense and fertilization with Zn in soybean cultivated after different cover crops. The experiments were carried out at the teaching, research and extension farm belonging to the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Selviria country, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brasil (20°20’05’’S and 51°24’26’’W). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2x2x4 factorial scheme, two cover crops (millet and ruziziensis grass), inoculation with A. brasilense (with our without) and four nitrogen doses in the maize (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), and four zinc doses in soybean (0, 3, 6 and 12 kg ha-1 of Zn) with four replicates. Initially the two cover crops were installed in the area, and after the management of the same, part of the area was cultivated with the corn crop and the other part with the soybean crop. The experiments were conducted in the 2015/2016 crop and repeated in the 2016/2017 crop. The morphological and productive characteristics of the cultures were evaluated. It was concluded that corn and soybean yields were higher when sown after millet cultivation. The inoculation with A. brasilense and nitrogen fertilization yielded the highest productivity of maize with 175 kg ha-1 of N. In soybean, fertilization with Zn increases grain yield linearly, and inoculation with A. brasilense is also recommended for soybean crop.
The use of soil conservation cropping systems has provided innumerable benefits to grain-producing crops in Brazil, notably the No-Tillage System (NTS), which has soil cover as one of its three essential pillars. In this sense, the use of grasses with high phytomass production and high C / N ratio, such as millet and ruziziensis grass, are excellent alternatives for regions of tropical climate, besides having an efficient root system on the farm of the soil profile. In addition to NTS, other technologies have also been shown to be promising in the Cerrado region, such as the inoculation of growth promoting bacteria, such as Azospirillum brasilense, with the aim of reducing nitrogen fertilization in maize and improving levels of productivity of soybean crop in association with symbiotic N - fixing bacteria. In addition to the use of A. brasilense, the development of research with micronutrient fertilization, especially Zn, has also been increasing. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization associated with inoculation with A. brasilense on maize cultivated after different cover crops. And to evaluate the effect of inoculation with A. brasilense and fertilization with Zn in soybean cultivated after different cover crops. The experiments were carried out at the teaching, research and extension farm belonging to the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Selviria country, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brasil (20°20’05’’S and 51°24’26’’W). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2x2x4 factorial scheme, two cover crops (millet and ruziziensis grass), inoculation with A. brasilense (with our without) and four nitrogen doses in the maize (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), and four zinc doses in soybean (0, 3, 6 and 12 kg ha-1 of Zn) with four replicates. Initially the two cover crops were installed in the area, and after the management of the same, part of the area was cultivated with the corn crop and the other part with the soybean crop. The experiments were conducted in the 2015/2016 crop and repeated in the 2016/2017 crop. The morphological and productive characteristics of the cultures were evaluated. It was concluded that corn and soybean yields were higher when sown after millet cultivation. The inoculation with A. brasilense and nitrogen fertilization yielded the highest productivity of maize with 175 kg ha-1 of N. In soybean, fertilization with Zn increases grain yield linearly, and inoculation with A. brasilense is also recommended for soybean crop.
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Palavras-chave
Adubação nitrogenada, Glycine max, Micronutriente, Produtividade de grãos, Zea mays L, Nitrogen fertilization, Micronutrient, Yield grain