Destoxificação e descoloração de efluente têxtil sintético por micro-organismos associados a ambientes marinhos
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Data
2019-02-20
Autores
Pellizzer, Elisa Pais
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Quantidades significativas de efluentes, contendo corantes, sais e pH alcalino, são produzidas diariamente pelas indústrias têxteis. Esses efluentes devem ser tratados adequadamente antes de serem descartados em corpos d’água, pois são potencialmente tóxicos a vários organismos. Neste contexto, a biorremediação utilizando fungos e bactérias tem sido uma alternativa sustentável para o tratamento destes poluentes. Aliado a isso, a utilização de micro-organismos de origem marinha apresenta vantagens, tendo em vista que esses organismos são adaptados à salinidade e alcalinidade do ambiente marinho. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o potencial de micro-organismos associados a ambientes marinhos na destoxificação e descoloração de Efluente Têxtil Sintético (ETS) e otimizar o processo. Para tanto, foram estruturados diversos experimentos com os seguintes micro-organismos: os fungos Tinctosporellus sp. CBMAI 1061, Marasmiellus sp. CBMAI 1062, Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063, o isolado LAMAI 659 e as bactérias Bacillus subtilis CBMAI 707 e Dietzia maris CBMAI 705. Em adição, foi preparado um efluente têxtil sintético utilizando NaCl 30 g L-1 e os corantes Azul Índigo, Marinho Reativo e Preto Sulfuroso em diversas concentrações. Os experimentos foram analisados quanto à biomassa seca formada, atividade de enzimas ligninolíticas, pH, descoloração, adsorção e toxicidade utilizando os bioindicadores Artemia sp., A. fischeri e C. sativus. O planejamento experimental foi aplicado para otimização dos processos de destoxificação e descoloração. Além disso, foram feitas duas validações para confirmação dos resultados dos planejamentos e analisados os espectros dos tratamentos em UV-Vis e FTIR. Os resultados mostraram que o consórcio formado por Marasmiellus sp., B. subtilis e D. maris foi o mais adequado no biotratamento do ETS. Os planejamentos experimentais utilizando este consórcio elevaram as taxas de descoloração de 41,22% (200 mg L-1 de cada corante) a 71,39% (300 mg L-1 de cada corante) e também de destoxificação (EC50 de 12,16% a 27,56%), nas mesmas concentrações de corantes (200 mg L-1 de cada corante). Os experimentos de validação confirmaram os resultados, que poderiam ser considerados válidos, nos planejamentos experimentais e evidenciaram a necessidade de validação após cada planejamento realizado. Além disso, as análises de UV-Vis e FTIR permitiram a inferência de processos de adsorção e a biotransformação dos corantes têxteis estudados. Os resultados do presente trabalho demostram a capacidade do fungo Marasmiellus sp., em consórcio com as bactérias B. subtilis e D. maris, nos processos de destoxificação e descoloração de ETS, mesmo em altas concentrações de corantes. Além disso, os resultados evidenciam a relevância do estudo de micro-organismos derivados de ambientes marinhos em processos de biorremediação.
Significant amounts of effluent containing dyes, salts and alkaline pH are produced daily by the textile industries. These effluents must be properly treated before being disposed in water bodies, as they are potentially toxic to various organisms. In this context, bioremediation using fungi and bacteria has been a sustainable alternative for the treatment of these pollutants. In addition, the use of microorganisms of marine origin has advantages, since these organisms are adapted to the salinity and alkalinity of the marine environment. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate the potential of microorganisms associated to the marine environments in the detoxification and discoloration of Synthetic Textile Effluent (STE) and to optimize the process. For this, several experiments were structured with the following microorganisms: the fungi Tinctosporellus sp. CBMAI 1061, Marasmiellus sp. CBMAI 1062, Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063, the isolate LAMAI 659, the bacteria Bacillus subtilis CBMAI 707 and Dietzia maris CBMAI 705. In addition, a STE was prepared using NaCl 30 g L-1 and the dyes Indigo blue, Reactive Blue and Sulfur Black at various concentrations. The experiments were analyzed for dried biomass, ligninolytic enzymes activities, pH, discoloration, adsorption and toxicity using the bioindicators Artemia sp., A. fischeri and C. sativus. The experimental design was applied to optimize detoxification and discoloration processes. In addition, two validations were made to confirm the results of the experimental design and the spectra of the UV-Vis and FTIR treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the consortium formed by Marasmiellus sp., B. subtilis and D. maris was the most suitable in the biotreatment of STE. The experimental design using this consortium increased the discoloration rates from 41.22% (200 mg L-1 of each dye) to 71.39% (300 mg L-1 of each dye) and the detoxification rates as well (EC50 from 12.16% to 27.56%), in the same concentration of dyes (200 mg L-1 of each dye). The validation experiments confirmed the results that could be considered valid in the experimental design and evidenced the need for validation after each planning. In addition, the UV-Vis and FTIR analyzes allowed the inference of adsorption processes and the biotransformation of the studied textile dyes. Results from the present work demonstrate the ability of the fungus Marasmiellus sp., in consortium with the bacteria B. subtilis and D. maris, in the processes of detoxification and discoloration of STE, even in high concentrations of dyes. In addition, the results highlight the relevance of the study of microorganisms derived from marine environments in bioremediation processes.
Significant amounts of effluent containing dyes, salts and alkaline pH are produced daily by the textile industries. These effluents must be properly treated before being disposed in water bodies, as they are potentially toxic to various organisms. In this context, bioremediation using fungi and bacteria has been a sustainable alternative for the treatment of these pollutants. In addition, the use of microorganisms of marine origin has advantages, since these organisms are adapted to the salinity and alkalinity of the marine environment. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate the potential of microorganisms associated to the marine environments in the detoxification and discoloration of Synthetic Textile Effluent (STE) and to optimize the process. For this, several experiments were structured with the following microorganisms: the fungi Tinctosporellus sp. CBMAI 1061, Marasmiellus sp. CBMAI 1062, Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063, the isolate LAMAI 659, the bacteria Bacillus subtilis CBMAI 707 and Dietzia maris CBMAI 705. In addition, a STE was prepared using NaCl 30 g L-1 and the dyes Indigo blue, Reactive Blue and Sulfur Black at various concentrations. The experiments were analyzed for dried biomass, ligninolytic enzymes activities, pH, discoloration, adsorption and toxicity using the bioindicators Artemia sp., A. fischeri and C. sativus. The experimental design was applied to optimize detoxification and discoloration processes. In addition, two validations were made to confirm the results of the experimental design and the spectra of the UV-Vis and FTIR treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the consortium formed by Marasmiellus sp., B. subtilis and D. maris was the most suitable in the biotreatment of STE. The experimental design using this consortium increased the discoloration rates from 41.22% (200 mg L-1 of each dye) to 71.39% (300 mg L-1 of each dye) and the detoxification rates as well (EC50 from 12.16% to 27.56%), in the same concentration of dyes (200 mg L-1 of each dye). The validation experiments confirmed the results that could be considered valid in the experimental design and evidenced the need for validation after each planning. In addition, the UV-Vis and FTIR analyzes allowed the inference of adsorption processes and the biotransformation of the studied textile dyes. Results from the present work demonstrate the ability of the fungus Marasmiellus sp., in consortium with the bacteria B. subtilis and D. maris, in the processes of detoxification and discoloration of STE, even in high concentrations of dyes. In addition, the results highlight the relevance of the study of microorganisms derived from marine environments in bioremediation processes.
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Palavras-chave
Corantes têxteis, Biotecnologia ambiental, Toxicidade aguda, Biorremediação, Textile dyes, Environmental biotechnology, Acute toxicity, Bioremediation