Projeto, construção e caracterização de um triciclo em liga de alumínio 6063-T5 com acionamento manual e motor elétrico sem escova para pessoas com paraplegia
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Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Garcia Junior, Aurasil Ferreira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A independência funcional para indivíduos com deficiência motora é indispensável para a qualidade de vida, principalmente quando se considera tarefas como o autocuidado (incluindo a higiene pessoal), as transferências e locomoção. Essa pesquisa apresenta um triciclo inovador para pessoas com paraplegia ou alguma deficiência motora dos membros inferiores, desenvolvido com duas forma de acionamento: cíclico manual (handbike) e elétrico. A estrutura tubular foi elaborada com liga de alumínio 6063 - T5. A plataforma ANSYS Academic versão 19.2 foi empregada para uma análise estrutural do chassi do equipamento. O chassi foi submetido num ensaio de carregamento estático progressivo de até 1200 N aproximadamente. O deslocamento onde apoia os pés do usuário foi medido por um relógio comparador de precisão de 0,01 mm. O deslocamento da plataforma inferior de apoio dos pés apresentou uma divergência de aproximadamente 4% se comparado com os dados obtidos pela plataforma ANSYS. Assim, validando a análise teórica pela plataforma ANSYS e confirmando que a estrutura fabricada por dobramento e solda TIG suporta com segurança um usuário de até 100 kg. Parâmetros relacionados ao sistema elétrico de acionamento do motor brushless de 1000 W foram obtidos por meio de sensores de corrente e voltagem, assim como parâmetros de desempenho mecânico foram obtidos empregando uma célula de carga de fundo de escala de 2kN para análise de força de tração e um sensor de velocidade. Os resultados indicam uma eficiência energética do conjunto de até 92%. A força máxima de tração do equipamento é de 500 N, o que possibilita realizar uma subida com aclive de 20º, aproximadamente considerando um usuário de 80 kg. Testes em pista foram realizados por um usuário paraplégico para analisar o desempenho do equipamento. O tempo de autonomia das baterias foi de 2,5 horas garantindo um percurso de até 40 km aproximadamente numa pista que tem aclive, declive e plana. Em relação ao sistema de propulsão manual, um estudo de ergonomia foi realizado para identificar o perfil antropométrico do usuário. Dessa forma, o equipamento deve acomodar com conforto e segurança, um usuário com estatura superior a 165,8 cm. Além disso, considerando uma força de 400 N para o acionamento manual, é possível superar um aclive de até 12°, aproximadamente. Este protótipo foi desenvolvido através de um projeto de Extensão Universitária (UNESP/PROEX).
Functional independence for individuals with motor disabilities is essential for quality of life, especially when considering tasks such as self-care (including personal hygiene), transfers and locomotion. This research presents an innovative tricycle for people with motor deficiency of the lower limbs, developed with two forms of drive: manual cyclic (handbike) and electric. The tubular structure was made with 6063 - T5 aluminum alloy. The ANSYS Academic version 19.2 platform was used for a structural analysis of the equipment chassis. A static loading test of up to 1200 N was performed on the chassis. The deformation of support the user's feet was measured by a dial gauge with a 0,01 mm precision. The deformation of the lower footrest platform showed a divergence of approximately 4% when compared to the data obtained by the ANSYS platform. Thus, validating the theoretical analysis by the ANSYS platform and confirming that the structure manufactured by TIG welding safely supports a user of up to 100 kg. Parameters related to the electric drive system of the 1000 W brushless motor were obtained by means of current and voltage sensors, as well as mechanical performance parameters were obtained employing a load cell of 2kN for force analysis and a speed sensor. The results indicate an energy efficiency of the equipment of up to 92%. The maximum strength of the equipment is 500 N, which makes it possible to perform a climb with slope of 20º, approximately considering a user of 80 kg. Track tests were performed by a paraplegic user to analyze the performance of the equipment. The electric motor operating time was 2.5 hours, which makes it possible to travel up to approximately 40 km. In relation to the manual propulsion system, an ergonomics study was performed to identify the user profile. In this way, the equipment can comfortably and safely accommodate a user with a height greater than 165.8 cm. In addition, considering a force of 400 N for the manual drive, it is possible to carry out a climb with slope of up to approximately 12º. This prototype was developed through a University Extension project (UNESP / PROEX).
Functional independence for individuals with motor disabilities is essential for quality of life, especially when considering tasks such as self-care (including personal hygiene), transfers and locomotion. This research presents an innovative tricycle for people with motor deficiency of the lower limbs, developed with two forms of drive: manual cyclic (handbike) and electric. The tubular structure was made with 6063 - T5 aluminum alloy. The ANSYS Academic version 19.2 platform was used for a structural analysis of the equipment chassis. A static loading test of up to 1200 N was performed on the chassis. The deformation of support the user's feet was measured by a dial gauge with a 0,01 mm precision. The deformation of the lower footrest platform showed a divergence of approximately 4% when compared to the data obtained by the ANSYS platform. Thus, validating the theoretical analysis by the ANSYS platform and confirming that the structure manufactured by TIG welding safely supports a user of up to 100 kg. Parameters related to the electric drive system of the 1000 W brushless motor were obtained by means of current and voltage sensors, as well as mechanical performance parameters were obtained employing a load cell of 2kN for force analysis and a speed sensor. The results indicate an energy efficiency of the equipment of up to 92%. The maximum strength of the equipment is 500 N, which makes it possible to perform a climb with slope of 20º, approximately considering a user of 80 kg. Track tests were performed by a paraplegic user to analyze the performance of the equipment. The electric motor operating time was 2.5 hours, which makes it possible to travel up to approximately 40 km. In relation to the manual propulsion system, an ergonomics study was performed to identify the user profile. In this way, the equipment can comfortably and safely accommodate a user with a height greater than 165.8 cm. In addition, considering a force of 400 N for the manual drive, it is possible to carry out a climb with slope of up to approximately 12º. This prototype was developed through a University Extension project (UNESP / PROEX).
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Palavras-chave
Handbike, Motor brushless, Paraplegia, Liga de alumínio 6063-T5, Estrutura tubular, ANSYS 19.2, 6063-T5 aluminum alloy, Tubular structure