Conservação do solo e desempenho da mandioca cultivada em plantio direto após milho solteiro ou consorciado com braquiária
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Data
2019-02-21
Autores
Garreto, Francisca Gyslane de Sousa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As áreas com cultivo de mandioca são as que apresentam as maiores perdas de solo e água por erosão. O plantio direto dessa cultura é uma alternativa para minimizar esses problemas, porém ainda existem dúvidas se essa técnica de manejo afetaria negativamente a produtividade de raízes. Deste modo, objetiva-se com este estudo avaliar as perdas de solo e água por escoamento superficial e a produtividade de raízes e amido da mandioca cultivada com preparo convencional e direto do solo, em sucessão ao milho solteiro e milho consorciado com braquiária. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro sistemas de preparo do solo: preparo convencional após milho solteiro (PC-MS), preparo convencional após milho consorciado com braquiária (PC-MC), plantio direto após milho solteiro (PD-MS) e plantio direto após milho consorciado com braquiária (PD-MC). A mandioca foi plantada em sucessão ao milho e colhida com 16 meses de ciclo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o plantio direto da mandioca de uso industrial não afeta negativamente a produtividade de raízes, de amido e de farinha, principalmente quando seu cultivo é realizado sobre palhada de milho consorciado com braquiária. Na mandioca implantada no período de outono-inverno as perdas de água e solo por erosão são elevadas somente a partir de novembro, quando a precipitação é maior. Em plantio convencional a perda de água e solo por ciclo da mandioca é de 32,7 mm e 28,4 t ha-1 de solo, mas no plantio direto a perda de água e solo por erosão foram 30% e 33% menores do que no sistema com preparo convencional.
The areas with cassava cultivation are those that present the highest soil and water losses by erosion. No-tillage of this crop is an alternative to minimize these problems, but there is still doubt whether this management technique would negatively affect root yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the losses of soil and water by runoff and the yield of roots and starch of cassava cultivated with soil conventional tillage and no-tillage, in succession to single corn and corn intercropped with brachiaria. The experimental design was a randomized block, with five replications. The treatments consisted of four soil tillage systems: conventional tillage after single corn (PC-MS), conventional tillage after corn intercropped with Brachiaria (PC-MC), no-tillage after single corn (PD-MS) and no-tillage after corn intercropped with Brachiaria (PD-MC). The cassava was planted in succession to corn and harvested with 16 months of cycle. The results indicate that the no-tillage of cassava of industrial use does not negatively affect the yield of roots, starch and flour, mainly when its cultivation is carried out on straw of corn intercropped with Brachiaria. In cassava planted in the autumn-winter period, the water and soil losses due to erosion are only higher in November, when precipitation is higher. In conventional tillage, water and soil losses during cassava cycle were 32.7 mm and 28.5 t ha-1, but in no-tillage, water loss and erosion were 30% and 33% lower than in the conventional tillage.
The areas with cassava cultivation are those that present the highest soil and water losses by erosion. No-tillage of this crop is an alternative to minimize these problems, but there is still doubt whether this management technique would negatively affect root yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the losses of soil and water by runoff and the yield of roots and starch of cassava cultivated with soil conventional tillage and no-tillage, in succession to single corn and corn intercropped with brachiaria. The experimental design was a randomized block, with five replications. The treatments consisted of four soil tillage systems: conventional tillage after single corn (PC-MS), conventional tillage after corn intercropped with Brachiaria (PC-MC), no-tillage after single corn (PD-MS) and no-tillage after corn intercropped with Brachiaria (PD-MC). The cassava was planted in succession to corn and harvested with 16 months of cycle. The results indicate that the no-tillage of cassava of industrial use does not negatively affect the yield of roots, starch and flour, mainly when its cultivation is carried out on straw of corn intercropped with Brachiaria. In cassava planted in the autumn-winter period, the water and soil losses due to erosion are only higher in November, when precipitation is higher. In conventional tillage, water and soil losses during cassava cycle were 32.7 mm and 28.5 t ha-1, but in no-tillage, water loss and erosion were 30% and 33% lower than in the conventional tillage.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Manihot esculenta., Sistema de cultivo., Erosão., Palhada., Produtividade de raízes.