Componentes da produção e produtividade da mandioca de mesa em função do arranjo de plantio e modos de aplicação de regulador de crescimento
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Silva, Rudieli Machado da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A importância econômica da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) está relacionada ao uso de suas raízes tuberosas na alimentação humana, animal e na produção de fécula e farinha, no entanto sua produção é limitada pela baixa produtividade média brasileira. Sistemas adensados de plantio são utilizados no aumento da produtividade da mandioca, porém com a obtenção de raízes menores e mais finas, devido à maior competição entre as plantas. Assim, a utilização de reguladores de crescimento pode ser uma tecnologia eficiente para superar essa limitação em sistemas de plantio adensado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento, produtividade e qualidade das raízes tuberosas de mandioca de mesa cultivar IAC 576-70 em função do arranjo de plantio e modos de aplicação do regulador de crescimento vegetal paclobutrazol. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema de parcela subdividida, e o experimento conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP, no ano agrícola 2017/18. As parcelas foram representadas por cinco arranjos de plantio (1: 1,00 x 1,00 (tradicional); 2: 1,00 x 0,50; 3: 0,85 x 0,59; 4: 0,70 x 0,71 e 5: 0,55 x 0,91 m), enquanto as subparcelas foram representadas por formas de aplicação do regulador de crescimento paclobutrazol (1: Controle sem aplicação de regulador, 2: Aplicação aos 3 meses após a emergência - MAE, 3: Aplicação aos 3 e 5 MAE e 4: Aplicação aos 3, 5 e 7 MAE), o qual foi aplicado via foliar na dose de 100 g ha-1 do i.a. em cada aplicação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o regulador de crescimento não afeta a altura e o número de folhas das plantas de mandioca na dose de regulador de crescimento utilizada. O uso de regulador de crescimento aumentou o teor de fibras e proteínas e diminuiu o tempo de cozimento das raízes de reserva, o que é nutricionalmente interessante. A MS da parte aérea, cepas, raízes tuberosas e as produtividades total e comercial de raízes foram maiores nos arranjos de plantio adensados
The economic importance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is related to the use of its tuberous roots in human food, animal feed and in the production of starch and flour, however its production is limited by the the low Brazilian productivity. Denser planting systems are used to increase cassava productivity, but with the production of smaller and thinner roots due to increased competition between plants. Thus, the use of plant growth regulators may be an efficient technology to overcome this limitation in densely planted systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, productivity and quality of tuberous roots of sweet cassava cv. IAC 576-70 in function of different planting arrangements and application methods of plant growth regulator paclobutrazol. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme, and the experiment was conducted at the São Manuel Experimental Farm of the College of Agricultural Science/UNESP during the 2017/18 crop year. The plots were represented by five planting arrangements (1: 1.00 x 1.00 (traditional), 2: 1.00 x 0.50, 3: 0.85 x 0.59, 4: 0.70 x 0.71 and 5: 0.55 x 0.91 m), while the subplots were represented by application forms of the growth regulator paclobutrazol (1: Control without regulator application, 2: Application at 3 months after emergence - MAE, 3: Application at 3 and 5 MAE and 4: Application at 3, 5 and 7 MAE), which was applied via foliar at the dose of 100 g ha-1 a.i. (active ingredient) at each application time. The results indicated that the growth regulator has no effect on the height and number of leaves of sweet cassava plants at the dose used. The use of growth regulator increased fiber and protein contents, and decreased the cooking time of the roots, which are nutritionally interesting. The dry matter accumulation of the aerial plant part, root stem, tuberous roots, and total and commercial root yields were higher within the denser planting arrangements.
The economic importance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is related to the use of its tuberous roots in human food, animal feed and in the production of starch and flour, however its production is limited by the the low Brazilian productivity. Denser planting systems are used to increase cassava productivity, but with the production of smaller and thinner roots due to increased competition between plants. Thus, the use of plant growth regulators may be an efficient technology to overcome this limitation in densely planted systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, productivity and quality of tuberous roots of sweet cassava cv. IAC 576-70 in function of different planting arrangements and application methods of plant growth regulator paclobutrazol. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme, and the experiment was conducted at the São Manuel Experimental Farm of the College of Agricultural Science/UNESP during the 2017/18 crop year. The plots were represented by five planting arrangements (1: 1.00 x 1.00 (traditional), 2: 1.00 x 0.50, 3: 0.85 x 0.59, 4: 0.70 x 0.71 and 5: 0.55 x 0.91 m), while the subplots were represented by application forms of the growth regulator paclobutrazol (1: Control without regulator application, 2: Application at 3 months after emergence - MAE, 3: Application at 3 and 5 MAE and 4: Application at 3, 5 and 7 MAE), which was applied via foliar at the dose of 100 g ha-1 a.i. (active ingredient) at each application time. The results indicated that the growth regulator has no effect on the height and number of leaves of sweet cassava plants at the dose used. The use of growth regulator increased fiber and protein contents, and decreased the cooking time of the roots, which are nutritionally interesting. The dry matter accumulation of the aerial plant part, root stem, tuberous roots, and total and commercial root yields were higher within the denser planting arrangements.
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Palavras-chave
Manihot esculenta Crantz, Inibidor de crescimento, Produtividade