As definições do Absoluto na Enciclopédia das ciências filosóficas (1830) de Hegel
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Data
2019-02-18
Autores
Magalhães, Marcelo Marconato [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nossos objetos de pesquisa são as definições do Absoluto tal como elaboradas por Hegel na Enciclopédia das Ciências Filosóficas em Compêndio (1830). Podemos observar, ao longo da história da filosofia, os intentos de diversos filósofos em explicitar o sentido da totalidade. Tal sentido último recebe a denominação de “Absoluto” na filosofia hegeliana. Como um profundo conhecedor da história da filosofia e autor de um complexo sistema filosófico que se propõe a abarcar o todo, Hegel vê nos esforços de filósofos que se sucederam ao longo do tempo o desenvolvimento de uma única Filosofia, cujo objeto é o Absoluto, apreendido temporalmente em uma História do Pensar pelas diversas filosofias. Hegel considera que o Absoluto também pode ser apreendido em uma História interior própria, cujos graus lógicos originam-se uns dos outros tais quais as diferentes filosofias se sucederam ao longo do tempo. Nesse sentido, cada grau lógico possibilita uma definição do Absoluto, que também foi assim apreendido ao longo da história da filosofia em algum momento de seu desenvolvimento. No primeiro capítulo desta dissertação, justificamos a escolha da Enciclopédia como obra principal a ser analisada, indicamos quais são as definições presentes e as suas respectivas localizações no corpo do texto, e explicitamos a compreensão que Hegel tem acerca da definição, questionando o sentido e propondo uma solução à possibilidade de várias definições acerca do mesmo objeto. Além disso, indicamos a definição especulativa como capaz de apreender e exprimir o Absoluto de acordo com sua própria racionalidade. No segundo capítulo, buscamos investigar o significado de cada uma das definições segundo a interpretação de Hegel, indicando a auto-exposição conceitual de cada grau lógico, sua exposição à consciência, a compreensão histórica de cada definição e a suprassunção do conceito em questão por si mesmo. Ainda, buscamos esclarecer o motivo de Hegel não ter indicado a Natureza como uma definição do Absoluto. No terceiro capítulo, discutimos a significação da última definição do Absoluto presente na Enciclopédia, “O Absoluto é o Espírito”, propondo que, em seu último desdobramento, o Espírito é o Saber Totalizante que se auto-engendra e que é o responsável por todas as definições anteriores.
Our objects of inquiry are the definitions of the Absolute as elaborated by Hegel in the Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences in Compendium (1830). Throughout the history of philosophy we can observe the attempts of various philosophers to make explicit the meaning of the totality. This ultimate meaning is called the "Absolute" in Hegel's philosophy. As a profound connoisseur of the history of philosophy and author of a complex philosophical system which proposes to embrace the whole, Hegel sees in the efforts of philosophers who have succeeded in the course of time the development of a single Philosophy whose object is the Absolute, which was temporarily seized in a History of Thinking by the various philosophies. Hegel considers that the Absolute can also be apprehended in an internal History of its own, whose logical degrees originate from each other such that different philosophies have succeeded each other over time. In this sense, each logical degree enables a definition of the Absolute, which was also thus apprehended throughout the history of philosophy at some point in its development. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we justify the choice of the Encyclopaedia as the main work to be analyzed, we indicate the present definitions and their respective locations in the body of the text, and we explain Hegel's understanding of the definition, questioning the meaning and proposing a solution to the possibility of various definitions about the same Absolute. In addition, we indicate the speculative definition as capable of apprehending the Absolute according to its own rationality. In the second chapter, we seek to investigate the meaning of each of the definitions according to Hegel's interpretation, indicating the conceptual self-exposition of each logical degree, its exposure to consciousness, the historical understanding of each definition, and the sublating of the concept in question by itself. Further, we seek to clarify why Hegel did not indicate Nature as a definition of the Absolute. In the third chapter, we discuss the significance of the last definition of the Absolute present in the Encyclopaedia, "The Absolute is the Spirit," proposing that in its ultimate unfolding the Spirit is Selfengendering Totalizing Knowledge responsible for all previous settings.
Our objects of inquiry are the definitions of the Absolute as elaborated by Hegel in the Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences in Compendium (1830). Throughout the history of philosophy we can observe the attempts of various philosophers to make explicit the meaning of the totality. This ultimate meaning is called the "Absolute" in Hegel's philosophy. As a profound connoisseur of the history of philosophy and author of a complex philosophical system which proposes to embrace the whole, Hegel sees in the efforts of philosophers who have succeeded in the course of time the development of a single Philosophy whose object is the Absolute, which was temporarily seized in a History of Thinking by the various philosophies. Hegel considers that the Absolute can also be apprehended in an internal History of its own, whose logical degrees originate from each other such that different philosophies have succeeded each other over time. In this sense, each logical degree enables a definition of the Absolute, which was also thus apprehended throughout the history of philosophy at some point in its development. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we justify the choice of the Encyclopaedia as the main work to be analyzed, we indicate the present definitions and their respective locations in the body of the text, and we explain Hegel's understanding of the definition, questioning the meaning and proposing a solution to the possibility of various definitions about the same Absolute. In addition, we indicate the speculative definition as capable of apprehending the Absolute according to its own rationality. In the second chapter, we seek to investigate the meaning of each of the definitions according to Hegel's interpretation, indicating the conceptual self-exposition of each logical degree, its exposure to consciousness, the historical understanding of each definition, and the sublating of the concept in question by itself. Further, we seek to clarify why Hegel did not indicate Nature as a definition of the Absolute. In the third chapter, we discuss the significance of the last definition of the Absolute present in the Encyclopaedia, "The Absolute is the Spirit," proposing that in its ultimate unfolding the Spirit is Selfengendering Totalizing Knowledge responsible for all previous settings.
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Palavras-chave
Absoluto, Definição, Pensar, Enciclopédia, Especulativo, Hegel, Absolute, Definition, Thought, Encyclopaedia, Speculative