Meu filho tem câncer: convivendo, cuidando e superando os efeitos indesejáveis da quimioterapia segundo o Modelo de Betty Neuman
Carregando...
Data
2019-02-25
Autores
Silva, Rafaela Sterza da
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as experiências de pais e mães de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com pais e mães de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial de um hospital oncológico do interior do Estado do Paraná. Participaram desse estudo quatorze pais e mães, e os dados foram coletados por meio de grupo focal no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2018 após a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Usou-se a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin como método de análise dos dados e o Modelo de Sistemas de Betty Neuman para discuti-los. Dos resultados, emergiram dois artigos científicos, um que aborda a experiência parental frente ao diagnóstico do câncer infantil e o segundo que discorre sobre a vivência de pais e mães de crianças em quimioterapia ambulatorial frente ao cuidado domiciliar. Conclui-se que, o processo do diagnóstico do câncer infantil é permeado por intenso sofrimento para os pais que se inicia com a peregrinação pelos serviços de saúde em busca da resolutividade de seu problema. Após o diagnóstico definitivo, os pais reagiram negativamente por meio de sentimentos de medo, insegurança, desesperança, desespero e luto antecipado, revelando um abalo psíquico diante da notícia. Com a confirmação da doença, surgiram os estigmas de morte e o preconceito da sociedade devido a errônea concepção de contágio, que repercutiu em exclusão social para os pais. A instituição da terapêutica antineoplásica ambulatorial resulta em mudanças no estilo de vida da família, com esforço dos pais para contemplar as demandas em relação ao cuidado do filho, mesmo com as privações impostas pelo tratamento e as orientações da equipe especializada. A convivência com o tratamento do filho envolveu, mais uma vez, sofrimento para os pais, ao presenciarem manifestações clínicas e emocionais do filho, emergindo frustração, culpa, fracasso, revolta, insegurança e medo da recidiva da doença e morte. No decorrer do tratamento, embora trajeto difícil para os pais, mostrando-se como houve expressão da gênese da autonomia dos mesmos, seja pela luta e coragem do filho, da espiritualidade e da solidariedade de outros pais. Essa autonomia contribui para o melhor enfrentamento e superação da situação vivenciada.
The objective of this study was to understand the stressors, the reaction and the interaction of parents of children in outpatient chemotherapy treatment before home care. This is a comprehensive and qualitative study carried out with parents of children undergoing outpatient chemotherapy treatment at a specialized hospital in the interior of the State of Paraná. Data collection took place through a focus group from January to February 2018, after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee of Botucatu Medical School - Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". The data were submitted to the content analysis proposed by Bardin and discussed according to the Betty Neuman Systems Model. As a result, the study is composed of the majority of young women, married, with full secondary education and living in cities near the place where the outpatient chemotherapy treatment of their children is done. The results point to the creation of three thematic categories: 1. Stressors: caring for the child at home after outpatient chemotherapy; 2. Interaction with the environment: coexisting with cancer and with outpatient chemotherapy; and 3. Parents' reaction: overcoming having a child with cancer and in outpatient chemotherapy. It is concluded that for parents to live with cancer, chemotherapeutic treatment and care of children at home involves suffering and uncertainties. This experience is permeated by stressors in regard to changes in family dynamics and structure, lack of autonomy to play their parental role, and doubts and insecurity about home-based care with the child. The interaction with the oncopediátrico universe causes that the parents experience the social stigmas of the disease and suffer intense psychological shock and emotional imbalance, that are portrayed by means of negative feelings. However, this experience is lessened when parents face the humanization of the health team and with the solidarity of other parents who experience the same situation, at this moment, parents find the strength to face and overcome the difficult moments.
The objective of this study was to understand the stressors, the reaction and the interaction of parents of children in outpatient chemotherapy treatment before home care. This is a comprehensive and qualitative study carried out with parents of children undergoing outpatient chemotherapy treatment at a specialized hospital in the interior of the State of Paraná. Data collection took place through a focus group from January to February 2018, after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee of Botucatu Medical School - Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". The data were submitted to the content analysis proposed by Bardin and discussed according to the Betty Neuman Systems Model. As a result, the study is composed of the majority of young women, married, with full secondary education and living in cities near the place where the outpatient chemotherapy treatment of their children is done. The results point to the creation of three thematic categories: 1. Stressors: caring for the child at home after outpatient chemotherapy; 2. Interaction with the environment: coexisting with cancer and with outpatient chemotherapy; and 3. Parents' reaction: overcoming having a child with cancer and in outpatient chemotherapy. It is concluded that for parents to live with cancer, chemotherapeutic treatment and care of children at home involves suffering and uncertainties. This experience is permeated by stressors in regard to changes in family dynamics and structure, lack of autonomy to play their parental role, and doubts and insecurity about home-based care with the child. The interaction with the oncopediátrico universe causes that the parents experience the social stigmas of the disease and suffer intense psychological shock and emotional imbalance, that are portrayed by means of negative feelings. However, this experience is lessened when parents face the humanization of the health team and with the solidarity of other parents who experience the same situation, at this moment, parents find the strength to face and overcome the difficult moments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Neoplasias, Diagnóstico, Tratamento farmacológico, Cuidadores, Assistência domiciliar, Cuidado da criança, Relações familiares, Neoplasms, Drug therapy, Caregivers, Home nursing, Child care