Kukràdjà: territorialidade e estratégias de mobilização social entre os Mẽtyktire (Kayapó)
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Data
2019-03-26
Autores
Mariano, Michelle Carlesso [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente tese é um estudo etnográfico do grupo Mẽtyktire (Kayapó), na Terra Indígena Capoto/Jarina, aldeia Piaraçú, Norte do estado de Mato Grosso, a partir da categoria vernácula kukràdjà que, etimologicamente, significa algo que leva muito tempo para aprender. Por um lado, o termo é correlacionado com o significado de ‘cultura’, com aspas, um produto da autoconsciência étnica e um operador nos processos de demanda por direitos. Por outro, significa o “modo de ser”, a maneira como os sujeitos veem o mundo a partir de sua cosmologia, um sistema de incorporação significativo dinâmico, como experimentam o vivido enquanto ser/estar no tempo/espaço e como agem para preservar o próprio modo de vida, articulando as mudanças de maneira a reproduzir criativamente a ordem cultural que se atualiza, mantendo a coerência do sistema que o engendra. Parte-se de uma descrição e análise do território, material e simbólico, e dos processos de territorialização entendidos como “modos de estar”. Busca-se nas reproduções sociais presentes na ritualística, no cotidiano e no xamanismo, assim como em suas estratégias de mobilização social, elementos para pensar a aparente ambiguidade entre kukràdjà e (meta)cultura enquanto discurso. Os resultados apresentam o kukràdjà como um todo cultural que não se esgota e não se enrijece em processos identitários, visto que é do próprio “modo de ser” apropriar-se de elementos Outros para utilizar em seus próprios termos.
The present thesis is an ethnographic study of the Mẽtyktire group (Kayapó), in the Capoto/Jarina Indigenous Territory, Piaraçú village, in the north of the State of Mato Grosso, from the vernacular category kukràdjà which, etymologically, means something that takes a lot of time to learn. On the one hand, the term is correlated with the meaning of 'culture', with quotation marks, a product of ethnic self-consciousness and an operator in the demand for rights processes. On the other hand, it means the "modes of being", the way subjects see the world from their cosmology, a system of significant dynamic incorporation, how they experience the lived as being in time/space and how they act to preserve their own way of life, articulating the changes in a way to creatively reproduce the cultural order that is updated, maintaining the coherence of the system which engenders it. It begins with a description and analysis of the territory, material and symbolic, and the processes of territorialization understood as "modes of being". The social reproductions present in rituals, daily life and shamanism, as well as in their strategies of social mobilization, are used to think the apparent ambiguity between kukràdjà and (meta)culture as a discourse. The results present the kukràdjà as a cultural whole that is not exhaustive and does not become rigid in identity processes, since it is of the own "way of being" to take possession of Other elements to use in its own terms.
The present thesis is an ethnographic study of the Mẽtyktire group (Kayapó), in the Capoto/Jarina Indigenous Territory, Piaraçú village, in the north of the State of Mato Grosso, from the vernacular category kukràdjà which, etymologically, means something that takes a lot of time to learn. On the one hand, the term is correlated with the meaning of 'culture', with quotation marks, a product of ethnic self-consciousness and an operator in the demand for rights processes. On the other hand, it means the "modes of being", the way subjects see the world from their cosmology, a system of significant dynamic incorporation, how they experience the lived as being in time/space and how they act to preserve their own way of life, articulating the changes in a way to creatively reproduce the cultural order that is updated, maintaining the coherence of the system which engenders it. It begins with a description and analysis of the territory, material and symbolic, and the processes of territorialization understood as "modes of being". The social reproductions present in rituals, daily life and shamanism, as well as in their strategies of social mobilization, are used to think the apparent ambiguity between kukràdjà and (meta)culture as a discourse. The results present the kukràdjà as a cultural whole that is not exhaustive and does not become rigid in identity processes, since it is of the own "way of being" to take possession of Other elements to use in its own terms.
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Palavras-chave
Kayapó, Kukràdjà, Cultura, Territorialidade, Mobilização social, Culture, Territoriality, Social mobilization