Influência de diferentes composições de resíduos alimentares no processo de biometanização
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Data
2019-04-22
Autores
Blasius, Jandir Pereira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil são geradas quantidades significativas de resíduos orgânicos provenientes das perdas no segmento de produção e processamento da cadeia de fornecimento de alimentos, ou desperdiçadas no varejo e no consumo final. Ainda, no país há carência de aplicações do processo de digestão anaeróbia no tratamento dos resíduos orgânicos alimentares, tornando pertinente seu estudo. Este trabalho analisou a influência de diferentes proporções de resíduos alimentares no processo de biometanização. Os substratos consistiram de resíduos orgânicos coletados em restaurante universitário, sendo divididos em dois grupos: Resíduos de Pré-Preparo dos alimentos (RPP) e Resíduos de Sobras das refeições (RS). Testes em batelada foram realizados para avaliar o Potencial Bioquímico de Metano (BMP) das diferentes proporções de resíduos, sob condições mesofílica e termofílica, tendo como fontes de inóculos dois lodos anaeróbios granulares provenientes de reatores UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket). Para verificar a atividade dos lodos foram realizados testes de Atividade Metanogênica Específica (AME), tendo o acetato como fonte de carbono, com aplicação de diferentes relações Substrato/Inóculo (So/Xo) (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5). Os resultados dos testes de AME sob condições mesofílica e termofílica demonstraram bom desempenho dos inóculos com índices 0,1965 e 0,1559 g DQOCH4.g STV-1.d-1, respectivamente, sendo que a relação So/Xo=1,0 foi a mais indicada para aplicação na biodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos alimentares. Os testes de BMP sob diferentes proporções de resíduos alimentares demonstraram que a temperatura e o inóculo mesófilicos e a mistura de resíduos 75% RPP + 25% RS foram as condições mais promissoras para o tratamento anaeróbio dos resíduos e para biometanização. Por fim, foi realizado outro teste de BMP com aumento da carga orgânica nos reatores, sob as condições consideradas ideais. Foi determinada como carga orgânica máxima: 1,5 g STV.0,25L-1. De modo geral, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios realizados viabilizam a aplicação da digestão anaeróbia no tratamento de resíduos alimentares e consequente geração de biogás.
In Brazil, significant amounts of organic waste are generated from losses in the production and processing segment of the food supply chain, or wasted on retail and final consumption. Still, in the country there is a lack of applications of the anaerobic digestion process in the treatment of organic food residues, making its study pertinent. This work analyzed the influence of different proportions of food residues on the biomethanization process. The substrates consisted of organic residues collected in a university restaurant, being divided into two groups: Food Pre-Preparation Residues (RPP) and Residues of Leftovers from meals (RS). Batch tests were carried out to evaluate the Biochemical Potential of Methane (BMP) of the different proportions of residues, under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, having as inoculum sources two granular anaerobic sludge from UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactors. In order to verify the activity of the sludges, tests of Specific Methanogenic Activity (AME) were carried out, with acetate as carbon source, applying different Substrate/Inoculum (So/Xo) ratios (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5). The results of the AME tests under mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures showed good performance of the inoculum with indexes 0.1965 and 0.1559 g DQOCH4.g STV-1.d-1, respectively, with the ratio So/Xo=1.0 was the most indicated for application in anaerobic biodigestion of food waste. BMP tests under different proportions of food residues demonstrated that the mesophilic temperature and inoculum and the 75% RPP + 25% RS residue mixture were the most promising conditions for the anaerobic treatment of residues and for biomethanization. Finally, a BMP test was performed with increased organic load in the reactors, under the conditions considered ideal. The maximum organic load was determined as follows: 1.5 g STV.0.25L-1. In general, the results obtained in the tests carried out allowed the application of anaerobic digestion in the treatment of food residues and consequent generation of biogas.
In Brazil, significant amounts of organic waste are generated from losses in the production and processing segment of the food supply chain, or wasted on retail and final consumption. Still, in the country there is a lack of applications of the anaerobic digestion process in the treatment of organic food residues, making its study pertinent. This work analyzed the influence of different proportions of food residues on the biomethanization process. The substrates consisted of organic residues collected in a university restaurant, being divided into two groups: Food Pre-Preparation Residues (RPP) and Residues of Leftovers from meals (RS). Batch tests were carried out to evaluate the Biochemical Potential of Methane (BMP) of the different proportions of residues, under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, having as inoculum sources two granular anaerobic sludge from UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactors. In order to verify the activity of the sludges, tests of Specific Methanogenic Activity (AME) were carried out, with acetate as carbon source, applying different Substrate/Inoculum (So/Xo) ratios (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5). The results of the AME tests under mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures showed good performance of the inoculum with indexes 0.1965 and 0.1559 g DQOCH4.g STV-1.d-1, respectively, with the ratio So/Xo=1.0 was the most indicated for application in anaerobic biodigestion of food waste. BMP tests under different proportions of food residues demonstrated that the mesophilic temperature and inoculum and the 75% RPP + 25% RS residue mixture were the most promising conditions for the anaerobic treatment of residues and for biomethanization. Finally, a BMP test was performed with increased organic load in the reactors, under the conditions considered ideal. The maximum organic load was determined as follows: 1.5 g STV.0.25L-1. In general, the results obtained in the tests carried out allowed the application of anaerobic digestion in the treatment of food residues and consequent generation of biogas.
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Palavras-chave
Digestão anaeróbia, Atividade metanogênica específica, Tratamento de resíduos orgânicos, Potencial bioquímico de metano, Biorreatores, Anaerobic digestion, Specific methanogenic activity, Treatment of organics residues, Biochemical methane potential, Bioreactors