Processamento e caracterização de compósitos multifuncionais de resina furfurílica/CNT/fibra de carbono
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Data
2019-03-18
Autores
Conejo, Luíza dos Santos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho de pesquisa consiste na obtenção e caracterizações térmica, mecânica, reológica e elétrica de compósitos multifuncionais obtidos a partir da utilização de fibras de carbono (FC), resina furfurílica (RF) e nanotubos de carbono (CNT) para aplicações aeroespaciais. O uso de uma bioresina como fonte alternativa ao petróleo em compósitos multifuncionais e a avaliação dos ganhos de propriedades na utilização de nanotubos de carbono (0, 1,3 e 2,5% em volume) associados a fibras contínuas de carbono (tecido plain weave) são os objetivos principais deste trabalho. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho de pesquisa estabelece os parâmetros de processo mais adequados para a obtenção de compósitos multifuncionais com propósitos estruturais, térmicos e/ou elétricos. Neste trabalho, os compósitos multifuncionais foram processados com a utilização de moldagem por compressão a quente, sendo esta uma das contribuições desta dissertação. Após processados, os laminados foram avaliados a partir de ensaios mecânicos (cisalhamento interlaminar por compression shear test (CST), impacto a baixas velocidades, DCB (Double Cantilever Beam test), ENF (End Notched Flexure) e fadiga); assim como, a partir de análises térmicas (DMA (Análise Dinâmico-Mecânica), DSC (Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial), TGA (Análise Termogravimétrica) e TMA (Análise Termomecânica)), ensaios elétricos, análises morfológicas (MO (Microscopia Óptica), MEV (Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura) e ultrassom) e análises reológicas. Os resultados provenientes da caracterização da RF mostraram que a síntese foi realizada satisfatoriamente. A partir dos resultados das análises térmicas foi possível avaliar o comportamento dos materiais aqui estudados com o aumento da temperatura e conhecer seus coefientes de expansão térmica linear (89 a 59 10-6/°C), bem como a temperatura de transição vítrea (43 a 69°C). Os ensaios mecânicos mostraram que o material de referência teve um comportamento dentro do esperado em comparação com a resina fenólica, porém, a adição de 1,3%CNT e 2,5% de CNT em massa não induziu ganhos significativos e, em alguns casos, geraram perdas de propriedades mecânicas estáticas e em fadiga.
The aim of this work is to obtain and characterize the thermal, mechanical, rheological and electrical properties of the composites obtained from the use of carbon fibers (FC), furfuryl alcohol resin (RF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) for aerospace applications. The use of a bioresin as an alternative source for petroleum in multifunctional composites and the evaluation of the gain of properties in the use of carbon nanotubes associated with continuous carbon fibers are the main objectives of this work. The development of this research work establishes the most suitable process parameters for obtaining multifunctional composites with structural, thermal and / or electrical purposes. In this work, the multifunctional composites were processed with the use of hot compression molding, this being one of the contributions of this dissertation. After processing, the laminates were evaluated from mechanical tests (compression shear test (CST), impact at low speeds, DCB (Double Cantilever Beam test) and ENF (End Notched Flexure); as well as from thermal tests (DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) and TMA (Thermomechanical Analysis)), electrical tests and rheological analysis. The characterization of RF showed that the synthesis was performed satisfactorily and the production of RF/FC/CNT composites (0, 1.3, 2.5wt%) was successfully performed. From the results of the thermal analyzes it was possible to evaluate the behavior of the materials studied here with increasing temperature and to know their coefficients of linear thermal expansion (89 to 59 10-6 /°C), as well as the glass transition temperature (43 to 69°C). Mechanical assays showed that the reference material had an expected behavior compared to the phenolic resin and the addition of 1.3wt% CNT and 2.5wt% CNT showed the same or worse results than the pure, generated losses of static and fatigue mechanical properties
The aim of this work is to obtain and characterize the thermal, mechanical, rheological and electrical properties of the composites obtained from the use of carbon fibers (FC), furfuryl alcohol resin (RF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) for aerospace applications. The use of a bioresin as an alternative source for petroleum in multifunctional composites and the evaluation of the gain of properties in the use of carbon nanotubes associated with continuous carbon fibers are the main objectives of this work. The development of this research work establishes the most suitable process parameters for obtaining multifunctional composites with structural, thermal and / or electrical purposes. In this work, the multifunctional composites were processed with the use of hot compression molding, this being one of the contributions of this dissertation. After processing, the laminates were evaluated from mechanical tests (compression shear test (CST), impact at low speeds, DCB (Double Cantilever Beam test) and ENF (End Notched Flexure); as well as from thermal tests (DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) and TMA (Thermomechanical Analysis)), electrical tests and rheological analysis. The characterization of RF showed that the synthesis was performed satisfactorily and the production of RF/FC/CNT composites (0, 1.3, 2.5wt%) was successfully performed. From the results of the thermal analyzes it was possible to evaluate the behavior of the materials studied here with increasing temperature and to know their coefficients of linear thermal expansion (89 to 59 10-6 /°C), as well as the glass transition temperature (43 to 69°C). Mechanical assays showed that the reference material had an expected behavior compared to the phenolic resin and the addition of 1.3wt% CNT and 2.5wt% CNT showed the same or worse results than the pure, generated losses of static and fatigue mechanical properties
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Palavras-chave
resina furfurílica, nanotubos de carbono, fibra de carbono, compósitos multifuncionais, moldagem por compressão a quente, Materiais compostos, Fibras de carbono, Nanatubos de carbono, Resinas compostas, furfuryl alcohol resin, carbon nanotubes, carbon fiber, multifunctional composites, hot compression molding