Variação temporal das estruturas taxonômica e funcional da ictiofauna em uma represa urbana e sua relação com fatores ambientais
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Data
2019-03-22
Autores
Ramires, Bruno Martins Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Compreender como as mudanças ambientais afetam a biodiversidade ao longo do tempo é fundamental para a conservação de espécies. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que processos determinísticos, como mudanças no clima e no uso da terra, provocam alterações em diferentes aspectos das comunidades biológicas, sendo que a diversidade beta consiste na ferramenta ecológica que permite mensurar essas mudanças ao longo do tempo. Dados padronizados obtidos por nossa equipe sobre a ictiofauna da Represa Municipal de São José do Rio Preto demonstraram que, entre 2002 e 2016, algumas espécies de peixes da represa se extinguiram localmente, enquanto que outras não presentes no período inicial, se fizeram presentes em 2016. Usando abordagens taxonômica e funcional, aplicamos a diversidade beta para mensurar as mudanças ocorridas na ictiofauna durante esse período, além de verificar se as alterações encontradas foram relacionadas a variáveis ambientais locais. As alterações a nível de populações de grupos funcionais independentes também foram calculadas, além de suas relações com variáveis do ambiente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na variação taxonômica e funcional entre os anos, porém, foram encontradas alterações nos padrões de abundância de algumas espécies e de alguns grupos funcionais, sendo que para um deles o pH da água se mostrou como um preditor de abundância
Understanding how environmental changes can affect biological diversity over time is essential for species conservation. Several studies demonstrate that deterministic process, as climate changes and land use cover, can lead to alterations in different aspects of biological communities, whereas beta diversity consists in an ecological tool that allows quantifying these differences over time. Standardized data obtained by our team about the fish fauna of São José do Rio Preto Municipal Dam demonstrated that, between 2002 and 2016, some fish species were locally extinct, while other species, not sampled in the former period, were recorded in 2016. Using taxonomic and functional approaches, beta diversity was applied to measure verify if fish assemblages changed during this period, and to test these changes were related to local variables. The variation at the population level and independent functional groups were also calculated, together with their relationship with environmental variables. At the taxonomic and functional levels, no significant differences between the years of study were found; however, alterations in the abundance patterns of some species and some functional groups were registered.
Understanding how environmental changes can affect biological diversity over time is essential for species conservation. Several studies demonstrate that deterministic process, as climate changes and land use cover, can lead to alterations in different aspects of biological communities, whereas beta diversity consists in an ecological tool that allows quantifying these differences over time. Standardized data obtained by our team about the fish fauna of São José do Rio Preto Municipal Dam demonstrated that, between 2002 and 2016, some fish species were locally extinct, while other species, not sampled in the former period, were recorded in 2016. Using taxonomic and functional approaches, beta diversity was applied to measure verify if fish assemblages changed during this period, and to test these changes were related to local variables. The variation at the population level and independent functional groups were also calculated, together with their relationship with environmental variables. At the taxonomic and functional levels, no significant differences between the years of study were found; however, alterations in the abundance patterns of some species and some functional groups were registered.
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Palavras-chave
Ecologia, Diversidade beta, Ictiologia, Reservatório, Urbanização, Ecology, Beta diversity, Ichthyology, Dam, Urbanization