Percepção de envolvimento parental e motivação de jovens atletas no esporte
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Data
2019-03-29
Autores
Silva, Fernanda Santos Caló
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A literatura científica se refere ao apoio dos pais como sendo o fator mais relevante no início da carreira de um atleta. O incentivo e o acompanhamento constante dos pais são decisivos na constituição de um ambiente favorável para a prática esportiva de seus filhos. A maneira como jovens atletas percebem a participação dos pais em sua vida esportiva é tão importante que chega a determinar os conceitos de sucesso e fracasso dos jovens atletas, estabelecendo desta forma relação entre o apoio familiar e orientação motivacional. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar e analisar as relações existentes entre a percepção que jovens atletas têm do apoio da família à prática esportiva, bem como o seu perfil de orientação motivacional. Utilizou-se os instrumentos Parental Involvement Sport Questionnaire (PISQp) e o Task And Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). A amostra foi composta por 319 sujeitos, 209 do sexo masculino e 110 do sexo feminino, com idades entre 7 e 18 anos (M= 13,3; DP= 2,73), todos residentes no município de Bauru, interior do estado de São Paulo e praticantes de pelo menos uma modalidade esportiva (atletismo, basquete, futebol, handebol, judô, natação, polo aquático e tênis de mesa). Foi realizada a análise dos cálculos de estatística descritiva (média, mediana, desvio padrão, mínimo, máximo), teste F para comparação de variâncias, teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney, utilizado para comparação entre as dimensões do TEOSQ (tarefa e ego) e PISQ (comportamento diretivo, elogios e compreensão e envolvimento ativo) e entre as modalidades individuais e coletivas. Além dos testes citados, também foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação linear de Spearman para verificar se houve correlação entre as três dimensões do PISQ e as duas dimensões do TEOSQ. Como resultado foi identificado um score médio de 4.42, o que indica que os jovens atletas são predominantemente voltados à tarefa. Além disso, apresentam uma percepção de apoio familiar do tipo elogios e compreensão, representado pelo score 2.26. Quem mais assiste as competições e treinos são ambos os pais, conforme relatado por 38% dos sujeitos. Observou-se ainda que nas modalidades coletivas são apresentados níveis mais elevados de apoio parental dos tipos envolvimento ativo e comportamento diretivo, quando comparado às modalidades individuais.
The scientific literature refers to parental support as being the most relevant factor early in an athlete's career. The encouragement and constant monitoring of the parents are decisive in the constitution of a favorable environment for the sports practice of their children. The way that young athletes perceive their parents' participation in their sports life is so important that it determines the concepts of success and failure of young athletes, thus establishing a relationship between family support and motivational orientation. This research aimed to identify and analyze the existing relationships between the perception that young athletes have of the family support to the sport practice, as well as their profile of motivational orientation. We used the Parental Involvement Sport Questionnaire (PISQp) and the Task And Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). The sample consisted of 319 subjects, 209 males and 110 females, aged between 7 and 18 years (M = 13.3; SD = 2.73), all of them living in the municipality of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo and practicing at least one sport (athletics, basketball, soccer, handball, judo, swimming, water polo and table tennis). Descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, maximum), F-test for comparison of variances, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, used to compare TEOSQ (task and ego) and PISQ (directive behavior, praise and understanding and active involvement) and between individual and collective modalities. In addition to the cited tests, Spearman's linear correlation coefficient was also used to verify if there was a correlation between the three dimensions of the PISQ and the two dimensions of the TEOSQ. As a result an average score of 4.42 was identified, indicating that young athletes are predominantly task oriented. In addition, they present a perception of family support such as praise and understanding, represented by score 2.26. Those who watch most competitions and trainings are both parents, as reported by 38% of the subjects. It was also observed that in the collective modalities higher levels of parental support of the types active involvement and directive behavior are presented, when compared to the individual modalities.
The scientific literature refers to parental support as being the most relevant factor early in an athlete's career. The encouragement and constant monitoring of the parents are decisive in the constitution of a favorable environment for the sports practice of their children. The way that young athletes perceive their parents' participation in their sports life is so important that it determines the concepts of success and failure of young athletes, thus establishing a relationship between family support and motivational orientation. This research aimed to identify and analyze the existing relationships between the perception that young athletes have of the family support to the sport practice, as well as their profile of motivational orientation. We used the Parental Involvement Sport Questionnaire (PISQp) and the Task And Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). The sample consisted of 319 subjects, 209 males and 110 females, aged between 7 and 18 years (M = 13.3; SD = 2.73), all of them living in the municipality of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo and practicing at least one sport (athletics, basketball, soccer, handball, judo, swimming, water polo and table tennis). Descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, maximum), F-test for comparison of variances, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, used to compare TEOSQ (task and ego) and PISQ (directive behavior, praise and understanding and active involvement) and between individual and collective modalities. In addition to the cited tests, Spearman's linear correlation coefficient was also used to verify if there was a correlation between the three dimensions of the PISQ and the two dimensions of the TEOSQ. As a result an average score of 4.42 was identified, indicating that young athletes are predominantly task oriented. In addition, they present a perception of family support such as praise and understanding, represented by score 2.26. Those who watch most competitions and trainings are both parents, as reported by 38% of the subjects. It was also observed that in the collective modalities higher levels of parental support of the types active involvement and directive behavior are presented, when compared to the individual modalities.
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Palavras-chave
Motivação, Metas, Pais, Esporte juvenil, Motivation, Goals, Parents, Youth sport