Sequestro de carbono e eficiência do uso de nutrientes pelo milho em plantio direto sobre palha de leguminosas arbóreas
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Sena, Virley Gardeny Lima
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas proximidades da região amazônica, trópico úmido maranhense, sobretudo na região centro norte do Estado, há condições edafoclimáticas que divergem de outras regiões do Brasil e impossibilitam o avanço da agricultura. A elevada pluviosidade somada às altas temperaturas em solos altamente intemperizados, predispostos a coesão e de baixa fertilidade natural dificultam o uso de técnicas comuns tais como aração e gradagem, uma vez que estas compactam ainda mais o solo impedindo o crescimento das raízes das culturas e a absorção dos nutrientes. Neste sentido, dois experimentos foram conduzidos em sistema de plantio direto na palha de leguminosas arbóreas em aleias no município de Brejo – MA e avaliados nos anos de 2016 e 2017. O solo de ambas as áreas foi classificado como Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso. Foi cultivado a cultura do milho nos dois experimentos e nos dois anos estudados. O objetivo do primeiro experimento foi avaliar a influência da cobertura do solo com a leguminosa arbórea Gliricidia sepium sobre a fertilidade do solo, o estímulo ao acúmulo de carbono orgânico do solo, a eficiência agronômica e de recuperação do nitrogênio e produtividade da cultura do milho. No segundo experimento, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da matéria orgânica sobre os atributos físico-químicos do solo, sequestro de carbono e os fatores que interferem na produtividade da cultura do milho. Observou-se que o uso de biomassa de leguminosas arbóreas como cobertura do solo associada a fertilização via adubos inorgânicos, aumentou o sequestro de carbono no solo e a eficiência agronômica e de recuperação do nitrogênio. Além disso, a adição de biomassa de leguminosas sobre o solo resultou em melhorias nos atributos físico-químicos do solo e no aumento da produtividade da cultura do milho. Esses sistemas conservacionistas de manejo do solo permitem intensificar a produção, minimizar a degradação dos solos e promover a sustentabilidade da agricultura no trópico úmido.
In the vicinity of the Amazonian region, humid tropical Maranhão, especially in the central north of the state, there are edaphoclimatic conditions that diverge from other regions of Brazil and make it impossible to advance agriculture. The high rainfall combined with the high temperatures in highly weathered soils, predisposed to cohesion and low natural fertility make it difficult to use common techniques such as Ploughing and Harrowing since they further compact the soil, preventing the growth of the roots of the crops and absorption of nutrients. In this sense, two experiments were conducted under no - tillage system in the tree legume straw in alley cropping in the municipality of Brejo - MA and evaluated in the years 2016 and 2017. The soil of both areas was classified as Utisol. The maize crop was grown in both experiments and in the two years studied. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate the influence of soil cover with the leguminous tree Gliricidia sepium on soil fertility, the stimulation of soil organic carbon accumulation, agronomic and nitrogen recovery efficiency and maize crop productivity. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the effect of organic matter on soil physical-chemical attributes, carbon sequestration and factors that interfere in maize crop productivity. It was observed that the use of biomass of tree legumes as soil cover associated with fertilization via inorganic fertilizers increased soil carbon sequestration and the agronomic and nitrogen recovery efficiency. In addition, the addition of legume biomass to the soil resulted in improvements in the physical-chemical attributes of the soil and increased productivity of the maize crop. These conservationist systems of soil management allow to intensify production,minimize soil degradation and promote the sustainability of agriculture in the humid tropics
In the vicinity of the Amazonian region, humid tropical Maranhão, especially in the central north of the state, there are edaphoclimatic conditions that diverge from other regions of Brazil and make it impossible to advance agriculture. The high rainfall combined with the high temperatures in highly weathered soils, predisposed to cohesion and low natural fertility make it difficult to use common techniques such as Ploughing and Harrowing since they further compact the soil, preventing the growth of the roots of the crops and absorption of nutrients. In this sense, two experiments were conducted under no - tillage system in the tree legume straw in alley cropping in the municipality of Brejo - MA and evaluated in the years 2016 and 2017. The soil of both areas was classified as Utisol. The maize crop was grown in both experiments and in the two years studied. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate the influence of soil cover with the leguminous tree Gliricidia sepium on soil fertility, the stimulation of soil organic carbon accumulation, agronomic and nitrogen recovery efficiency and maize crop productivity. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the effect of organic matter on soil physical-chemical attributes, carbon sequestration and factors that interfere in maize crop productivity. It was observed that the use of biomass of tree legumes as soil cover associated with fertilization via inorganic fertilizers increased soil carbon sequestration and the agronomic and nitrogen recovery efficiency. In addition, the addition of legume biomass to the soil resulted in improvements in the physical-chemical attributes of the soil and increased productivity of the maize crop. These conservationist systems of soil management allow to intensify production,minimize soil degradation and promote the sustainability of agriculture in the humid tropics
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Palavras-chave
Solo coeso. Trópico úmido. Sustentabilidade., Cohesive soil. Humid tropics. Sustainability.