O uso de biografia de cientistas no Ensino de Ciências: O caso Vital Brazil.
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Data
2019-03-21
Autores
Oliveira, Caroline Avelino de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho discute a importância da divulgação científica ser realizada de forma contextualizada, para que o leitor compreenda o processo científico de modo mais condizente com a realidade. Tal divulgação é muito utilizada no Ensino de Ciências. Uma das formas de divulgar a Ciência é pela biografia. O cientista foco deste trabalho foi o médico brasileiro Vital Brazil Mineiro da Campanha (1865 – 1950), que é reconhecido pelos seus estudos sobre os soros antiofídicos. Com o objetivo de investigar o papel de biografias de Vital Brazil na aprendizagem da Natureza da Ciência de alunos de uma disciplina de História e Filosofia da Ciência e na disciplina Instrumentação, ambas do curso de Licenciatura em Química, foram selecionadas três biografias: Vital Brazil - Vida e Obra 1865 – 1950, de Leal Vital Brazil (2001); o livro Vital Brazil O vencedor das serpentes, de Hernano Donato (1967); e Vital Brasil - Coleção A Luta de Cada Um, de Carla Caruso (2011). O procedimento metodológico adotado foi: as três biografias foram lidas e divididas em categorias a partir do referencial teórico de Bardin, tais categorias foram analisadas com base em autores que discutem a Natureza da Ciência. Além disso, as biografias foram investigadas segundo o livro A Jornada do Escritor, de Christopher Vogler (1998). Verificou-se que as biografias tendem a transformar Vital Brazil em um herói e a que Natureza da Ciência foi apresentada de forma linear e descontextualizada. Também foi realizada uma análise dos experimentos de Vital Brazil e do seu contexto, com base em fontes primárias e secundárias. Estabeleceu-se uma comparação entre estas e as biografias. Com os resultados, foi possível elaborar uma sequência didática, utilizando as biografias e, ao aplicá-la, constatou-se que os alunos compreenderam o enredo anedótico e a forma superficial em que a Natureza da Ciência foi tratada, em especial a experimentação, além de proporcionar ao aluno uma oportunidade de ter uma visão mais crítica das divulgações científicas que estão presentes no cotidiano e que podem ser escolhidas pelos futuros professores, para serem utilizadas no ensino como recurso didático.
This paper discusses the importance of scientific propagation being carried out in a contextualized way, so that the reader can understand the scientific process in a way that is more consistent with the reality. Such propagation is widely used in Science Teaching. One of the ways of propagating Science is by using biographies. The scientist studied in this paper was the Brazilian physician Vital Brazil Mineiro da Campanha (1865 - 1950), who is well-known for his studies on antivenom sera. In order to investigate the role of the biographies of Vital Brazil in the learning of the Nature of Science by the students attending the college subjects “History and Philosophy of Science” and “Instrumentation”, both in the Chemistry graduation course, three biographies were selected: Vital Brazil Vida e Obra 1865–1950, by Leal Vital Brazil (2001); the book Vital Brazil - O vencedor das serpentes, by Hernano Donato (1967); e Vital Brasil - Coleção A Luta de Cada Um, by Carla Caruso (2011). The methodological procedure adopted was: these three biographies were read and divided into categories based on Bardin's theoretical reference. Such categories were then analyzed based on other authors that discuss the Nature of Science. In addition, the biographies were investigated according to the book The Writer's Journey, by Christopher Vogler (1998). It was found that the studied biographies tend to transform Vital Brazil into a hero and that the Nature of Science is presented in a linear and decontextualized way. An analysis of the experiments of Vital Brazil and of its context was also carried out, based on primary and secondary sources. A comparison was made between these sources and the biographies. With the results obtained, it was possible to elaborate a didactic sequence and, by applying it, it was verified that the students understood the anecdotal plot and the superficial way in which the Nature of Science was treated, especially the experimentation. It also gave the students an opportunity to have a more critical view of the scientific propagations that are available on the market and that can eventually be chosen by these future teachers to be used as a didactic resource in their teaching.
This paper discusses the importance of scientific propagation being carried out in a contextualized way, so that the reader can understand the scientific process in a way that is more consistent with the reality. Such propagation is widely used in Science Teaching. One of the ways of propagating Science is by using biographies. The scientist studied in this paper was the Brazilian physician Vital Brazil Mineiro da Campanha (1865 - 1950), who is well-known for his studies on antivenom sera. In order to investigate the role of the biographies of Vital Brazil in the learning of the Nature of Science by the students attending the college subjects “History and Philosophy of Science” and “Instrumentation”, both in the Chemistry graduation course, three biographies were selected: Vital Brazil Vida e Obra 1865–1950, by Leal Vital Brazil (2001); the book Vital Brazil - O vencedor das serpentes, by Hernano Donato (1967); e Vital Brasil - Coleção A Luta de Cada Um, by Carla Caruso (2011). The methodological procedure adopted was: these three biographies were read and divided into categories based on Bardin's theoretical reference. Such categories were then analyzed based on other authors that discuss the Nature of Science. In addition, the biographies were investigated according to the book The Writer's Journey, by Christopher Vogler (1998). It was found that the studied biographies tend to transform Vital Brazil into a hero and that the Nature of Science is presented in a linear and decontextualized way. An analysis of the experiments of Vital Brazil and of its context was also carried out, based on primary and secondary sources. A comparison was made between these sources and the biographies. With the results obtained, it was possible to elaborate a didactic sequence and, by applying it, it was verified that the students understood the anecdotal plot and the superficial way in which the Nature of Science was treated, especially the experimentation. It also gave the students an opportunity to have a more critical view of the scientific propagations that are available on the market and that can eventually be chosen by these future teachers to be used as a didactic resource in their teaching.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de Ciências, História da Ciência, Vital Brazil, Biografias, Science teaching, History of Science, Vital Brazil, Biographies