Fertilidade e mineralogia do solo sujeito à disposição de vinhaça de uma fazenda em Santa Cruz das Palmeiras
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Data
2019-04-26
Autores
Galdeano, Larissa Ruas [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a crescente produção de etanol no Brasil, houve o aumento da geração da vinhaça, que em certas condições pode ser utilizada para a fertirrigação de lavouras de cana-de-açúcar com o intuito de elevar a fertilidade do solo. A pesquisa consistiu na análise temporal e espacial de dados das características químicas e físicas dos solos de uma lavoura de cana-de-açúcar e da vinhaça aplicada, além da análise granulométrica, química e mineralógica de seis amostras de solo coletadas na área de estudo. A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que elevados volumes de vinhaça foram calculados em 2014, sendo que os resultados indicaram baixas condições de fertilidade com altas concentrações de H+Al e de CTC total. A análise temporal de uma das glebas da fazenda demonstrou que, em dosagens previamente calculadas, a aplicação de vinhaça pode melhorar a fertilidade do solo e promover a redução da acidez e da toxicidade por alumínio. As análises granulométricas, químicas e mineralógicas caracterizaram o latossolo vermelho da área de estudo como um solo arenoso muito fino a médio com altas concentrações de silicatos e óxidos e hidróxidos de ferro e alumínio com minerais de gibbsita, hematita, quartzo e argilominerais do grupo da caulinita. O estudo avaliou a possibilidade de lixiviação dos cátions de base e de concentração de íons H+ e Al3+ pela hidrólise total e parcial da caulinita e da gibbsita e da decomposição da Matéria Orgânica no período chuvoso, sendo que a fertirrigação repõe a umidade do solo, o fornecimento de macronutrientes e reposição de MO no período de seca. Contudo, outros fatores como as variações climáticas e o tipo de manejo também influenciaram nas variações dos parâmetros de fertilidade do solo além da aplicação de vinhaça, sendo necessária a análise conjunta destes fatores ao planejar a fertirrigação e consequentemente aprimorar a produtividade das lavouras de cana-de-açúcar.
As the ethanol production has been developing in Brazil, it resulted on the increase of vinasse generation, which under certain conditions can be used for fertirrigation of sugarcane plantations in order to increase soil fertility. The research consisted of temporal and spatial data analysis of chemical and physical characteristics of soils of the soils of a sugar cane yield and the applied vinasse, in addition to the granulometric, chemical and mineralogical analysis of six soil samples collected in the research area. From the results obtained, it was observed that high volumes of vinasse were calculated in 2014, as the results had also indicated low fertility conditions with high concentrations of H+Al and total CEC. The temporal analysis of the plot 15 demonstrated that, in controlled doses, the application of vinasse can improve soil fertility and promote reduction of acidity and toxicity by aluminum. The granulometric, chemical and mineralogical analyzes characterize the red latosol of the research area as a very fine to medium sandy soil with high concentrations of silicates and oxides and hydroxides of iron and aluminum with minerals of gibbsite, hematite, quartz and clay minerals of the kaolinite group. The research evaluated the possibility of leaching of base cations and concentration of H+ and Al3+ ions by total and partial hydrolysis of kaolinite and decomposition of Organic Matter (OM) in rainy season, with soil moisture restoring and reposition of macronutrients and OM by vinasse fertirrigation in dry season. However, other factors such as climatic variations and type of soil management also influenced the variations of soil fertility parameters in addition to the application of vinasse, as the integrated analysis of these factors is required at the moment of fertirrigation planning and to consequently improve the sugarcane productivity.
As the ethanol production has been developing in Brazil, it resulted on the increase of vinasse generation, which under certain conditions can be used for fertirrigation of sugarcane plantations in order to increase soil fertility. The research consisted of temporal and spatial data analysis of chemical and physical characteristics of soils of the soils of a sugar cane yield and the applied vinasse, in addition to the granulometric, chemical and mineralogical analysis of six soil samples collected in the research area. From the results obtained, it was observed that high volumes of vinasse were calculated in 2014, as the results had also indicated low fertility conditions with high concentrations of H+Al and total CEC. The temporal analysis of the plot 15 demonstrated that, in controlled doses, the application of vinasse can improve soil fertility and promote reduction of acidity and toxicity by aluminum. The granulometric, chemical and mineralogical analyzes characterize the red latosol of the research area as a very fine to medium sandy soil with high concentrations of silicates and oxides and hydroxides of iron and aluminum with minerals of gibbsite, hematite, quartz and clay minerals of the kaolinite group. The research evaluated the possibility of leaching of base cations and concentration of H+ and Al3+ ions by total and partial hydrolysis of kaolinite and decomposition of Organic Matter (OM) in rainy season, with soil moisture restoring and reposition of macronutrients and OM by vinasse fertirrigation in dry season. However, other factors such as climatic variations and type of soil management also influenced the variations of soil fertility parameters in addition to the application of vinasse, as the integrated analysis of these factors is required at the moment of fertirrigation planning and to consequently improve the sugarcane productivity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Propriedades químicas e físicas do solo, Vinhaça, Análise mineralógica, Chemical and physical properties of soil, Vinasse, Mineralogical analysis, Fertilidade de solos, Soil fertility