Estratégias para controle de Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) e Stegasta bosqueella (Chambers, 1875) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) em amendoim
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2019-04-26
Autores
Souza, Tamiris Marion de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes estratégias para o controle de Enneothrips flavens e Stegasta bosqueella no campo em dois anos consecutivos e semi-campo no ano de 2017/2018. No ano de 2016/2017, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados (DBC) em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repetições, sendo o primeiro fator as três cultivares (Runner IAC 886, IAC 503 e IAC Top Verde) e segunda fator correspondente aos quatro tratamentos (1. testemunha; 2. aplicação de silício via foliar; 3. nível de controle (NC); 4. inseticida). Observou-se que o tratamento controle foi o que apresentou maior percentual de infestação, as notas mais altas de sintomas visuais das lesões e uma produtividade média de 3.500 kg ha-1. O tratamento com silício via foliar se comportou de forma semelhante ao tratamento controle, não diferindo desse tratamento. O tratamento NC foi o que apresentou melhor controle e produtividade, além de reduzir o número de aplicações na cultura e, o tratamento de pulverização de inseticidas pode controlar as duas pragas, apresentar notas de sintomas visuais de lesões menores, mas com uma produtividade inferior ao tratamento. O Runner IAC 886 mostrou-se mais suscetível a pragas e com baixa resposta aos tratamentos, apresentando produtividade relativamente menor. A cultivar IAC 503 apresentou percentuais de infestações e notas de sintomas intermediários e com produtividade acima de 3.500 kg ha-1. A cultivar IAC Top Verde apresentou percentuais de alta infestação, bem como escores intermediários de sintomas e uma produtividade relativamente alta, com média acima de 4.500 kg ha-1. No ano de 2017/2018, o primeiro foi instalado na APTA em Pindorama, SP, onde um delineamento de blocos completos casualizados (DBC) foi estabelecido em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com 4 repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu às duas cultivares: IAC OL3 e IAC 503. O segundo fator correspondeu às estratégias de controle: 1. Testemunha; 2. Aplicação de silício via foliar; 3. Aplicação de silício via solo; 4. Aplicação de inseticida. O segundo experimento foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV / UNESP, em Jaboticabal /SP, utilizando o delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados (DIC) em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com 10 repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu ao uso de dois solos: 1. Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo e 2. Neossolo Quartzarênico. O segundo fator correspondeu aos mesmos tratamentos utilizados no 1º experimento. No primeiro experimento, o tratamento com inseticida foi mais efetivo no controle de pragas. As cultivares foram suscetíveis a tripes. Aplicações de silício não ajudaram no controle de pragas. No segundo experimento, o Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo proporcionou infestações maiores e o Neossolo Quartzarênico interage com o silício via solo e influencia a diminuição e proporciona maior produtividade. A aplicação de silício via solo independente do solo apresentou resultados satisfatórios no auxílio do controle de pragas.
The objective of this work was to evaluate different strategies for the control of Enneothrips flavens and Stegasta bosqueella in the field in two consecutive years and semi-field in the year 2017/2018. In the year 2016/2017, a randomized complete block design (DBC) was used in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications, the first factor being the three cultivars (Runner IAC 886, IAC 503 and IAC Top Verde) and second factor corresponding to the four treatments (1. Witness; 2. Application of silicon via foliar; 3. Control Level (NC); 4. Insecticide). It was observed that the control treatment was the one that presented the most percentages of infestation, the highest notes of visual symptoms of injuries, and a mean productivity of 3,500 kg ha-1 . The silicon treatment via foliar behaved similar to the control treatment, not differing from this treatment. The NC treatment was the one that presented better control and productivity, besides reducing the number of applications in the crop and, the treatment of spray of insecticides can control the two pests, present notes of visual symptoms of minor injuries, but with a productivity inferior to treatment. Runner IAC 886 showed to be more susceptible to pests and with low response to treatments, presenting relatively lower productivity. The cultivar IAC 503 presented percentages of infestations and intermediate symptoms notes and with a productivity above 3,500 kg ha-1 . The cultivar IAC Top Verde showed percentages of high infestation, as well as intermediate symptom scores and a relatively high productivity response, with a mean above 4,500 kg ha-1 . In the year 2017/2018, the first one was installed at the APTA in Pindorama, SP, Brazil, where a randomized complete block design (DBC) was established in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with 4 replicates. The first factor corresponded to the two cultivars: IAC OL3 and IAC 503. The second factor corresponded to the control strategies: 1. Witness; 2. Application of silicon via foliar; 3. Application of silicon via soil; 4. Application of Insecticide. The second experiment was developed in the Department of Phytosanitary, FCAV / UNESP, in Jaboticabal / SP, using a completely randomized block design (DIC) in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 10 replications. The first factor corresponded to the use of two soils: 1. Red-Yellow Argisol and 2. Quartzarenic Neosol. The 2nd factor corresponded to the same treatments used in the 1st experiment. In the 1st experiment, the insecticide treatment was more effective in pest control. The cultivars were susceptible to thrips. Silicon applications did not assist in pest control. In the second experiment, the Red-Yellow Argissolo soil provided higher infestations and the Quartzarenic Neosol soil interacts with silicon via soil and influences the decrease and provides higher productivity. The application of silicon via soil independent of the soil presented satisfactory results in the aid of pest control.
The objective of this work was to evaluate different strategies for the control of Enneothrips flavens and Stegasta bosqueella in the field in two consecutive years and semi-field in the year 2017/2018. In the year 2016/2017, a randomized complete block design (DBC) was used in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications, the first factor being the three cultivars (Runner IAC 886, IAC 503 and IAC Top Verde) and second factor corresponding to the four treatments (1. Witness; 2. Application of silicon via foliar; 3. Control Level (NC); 4. Insecticide). It was observed that the control treatment was the one that presented the most percentages of infestation, the highest notes of visual symptoms of injuries, and a mean productivity of 3,500 kg ha-1 . The silicon treatment via foliar behaved similar to the control treatment, not differing from this treatment. The NC treatment was the one that presented better control and productivity, besides reducing the number of applications in the crop and, the treatment of spray of insecticides can control the two pests, present notes of visual symptoms of minor injuries, but with a productivity inferior to treatment. Runner IAC 886 showed to be more susceptible to pests and with low response to treatments, presenting relatively lower productivity. The cultivar IAC 503 presented percentages of infestations and intermediate symptoms notes and with a productivity above 3,500 kg ha-1 . The cultivar IAC Top Verde showed percentages of high infestation, as well as intermediate symptom scores and a relatively high productivity response, with a mean above 4,500 kg ha-1 . In the year 2017/2018, the first one was installed at the APTA in Pindorama, SP, Brazil, where a randomized complete block design (DBC) was established in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with 4 replicates. The first factor corresponded to the two cultivars: IAC OL3 and IAC 503. The second factor corresponded to the control strategies: 1. Witness; 2. Application of silicon via foliar; 3. Application of silicon via soil; 4. Application of Insecticide. The second experiment was developed in the Department of Phytosanitary, FCAV / UNESP, in Jaboticabal / SP, using a completely randomized block design (DIC) in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 10 replications. The first factor corresponded to the use of two soils: 1. Red-Yellow Argisol and 2. Quartzarenic Neosol. The 2nd factor corresponded to the same treatments used in the 1st experiment. In the 1st experiment, the insecticide treatment was more effective in pest control. The cultivars were susceptible to thrips. Silicon applications did not assist in pest control. In the second experiment, the Red-Yellow Argissolo soil provided higher infestations and the Quartzarenic Neosol soil interacts with silicon via soil and influences the decrease and provides higher productivity. The application of silicon via soil independent of the soil presented satisfactory results in the aid of pest control.
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Palavras-chave
Indutor de resistência, Pragas do amendoim, Silício na agricultura, Tipos de solos