Modelo computacional para análise do dimensionamento de frotas para a cafeicultura do Cerrado mineiro
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Data
2019-04-08
Autores
Tavares, Tiago de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, a cultura cafeeira expandiu-se para áreas planas, possibilitando a mecanização. O uso de máquinas vem ganhando força devido aos custos de produção e à escassez de mão de obra. Em campo, verifica-se elevado dinamismo no método de manejo da cultura, o que dificulta a padronização do número ideal de máquinas e implementos. Diante deste novo cenário, o estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e modelar as necessidades de equipamentos em função das estratégias e dimensões de cada propriedade. As áreas de estudo selecionadas, no total de 14 propriedades agrícolas, encontram-se no Cerrado de Minas Gerais, englobando as regiões do Noroeste, Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba. Foram consideradas as quantidades de tratores, pulverizadores hidropneumáticos, adubadoras, pulverizador hidráulico (herbicida), trituradores, roçadoras, colhedoras, carretas, arruadores-sopradores e recolhedoras em cada uma das propriedades, analisado os dados gerenciais da frota. Os resultados encontrados foram utilizados para criar um programa computacional orientado que indica a quantidade ideal de máquinas em função das atividades planejadas e das dimensões das lavouras em condições de cerrado. Apesar de as propriedades cafeeiras apresentarem enorme variação de processos mecanizados, foi possível criar um modelo de dimensionamento para a obtenção da quantidade necessária de máquinas para cada tamanho de propriedade.
In recent years, the coffee production has increased for flat areas and the use of machinery has proved to be a viable alternative. Due to costs of production and shortage of human labor, the use of agricultural machinery has become a great fit. The difficulty is to standardize the ideal number of machinery and implements because of the dynamics in the method of crop management. Considering the current scenario, the objective was to characterize and model the needs of equipment based on strategies and dimensions of each farm. Fields experiments were conducted in the Savana of Minas Gerais, regions of Northwest, Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba, about 14 agricultural properties were selected to run the study. The quantities of tractors, hydropneumatic sprayers, fertilizers, hydraulic sprayer (herbicides), crushers, brushcutters, harvesters, wind-rowers and pickers were considered and analyzed in the fleet management data in each property. An oriented computational program was created based on the results of the experiments. The program indicates the ideal quantity of machines according the agricultural operations and dimensions of the crops located in the Savana of Minas Gerais. Although the coffee farms present variation of mechanized operations, it was possible to create a scalable model to obtain the necessary quantity of machinery for each farm.
In recent years, the coffee production has increased for flat areas and the use of machinery has proved to be a viable alternative. Due to costs of production and shortage of human labor, the use of agricultural machinery has become a great fit. The difficulty is to standardize the ideal number of machinery and implements because of the dynamics in the method of crop management. Considering the current scenario, the objective was to characterize and model the needs of equipment based on strategies and dimensions of each farm. Fields experiments were conducted in the Savana of Minas Gerais, regions of Northwest, Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba, about 14 agricultural properties were selected to run the study. The quantities of tractors, hydropneumatic sprayers, fertilizers, hydraulic sprayer (herbicides), crushers, brushcutters, harvesters, wind-rowers and pickers were considered and analyzed in the fleet management data in each property. An oriented computational program was created based on the results of the experiments. The program indicates the ideal quantity of machines according the agricultural operations and dimensions of the crops located in the Savana of Minas Gerais. Although the coffee farms present variation of mechanized operations, it was possible to create a scalable model to obtain the necessary quantity of machinery for each farm.
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Palavras-chave
Cafeicultura mecanizada, Mecanização agrícola, Gestão de frotas agrícola