Reação de variedades de Urochloa spp. A espécies de Pyricularia associadas à brusone
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Data
2019-04-30
Autores
Barboza, Loane Dantas Krug
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Fungos do gênero Pyricularia apresentam uma ampla gama de plantas hospedeiras, com capacidade de infectar mais de 50 espécies de gramíneas nas quais causam a doença brusone. Há relatos que a espécies forrageira braquiária (Urochloa brizantha) é hospedeira de muitas espécies deste fungo. Muito embora a brusone em braquiária não cause prejuízos à produção de pastagens, a distribuição generalizada desta forrageira no país a torna uma importante fonte de inóculo do patógeno para diversas outras culturas de importância agrícola severamente danificadas pela brusone, em especial o trigo. A brusone do trigo é causada principalmente por Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt), pode ser também ser atribuída a duas outras espécies de Pyricularia, P. pennisetigena (Pp) e P. urashimae (Pu). Dessa forma o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a suscetibilidade bem como a reação de nove espécies e/ou cultivares do gênero Urochloa aos patógenos Pygt, Pp, Pu e P. grisea (Pg), a única espécie, até então, relatada como patógeno de braquiária no Brasil. De Pygt, foi avaliado também a virulência de sete raças do patógeno em espécies/cultivares de braquiária. Houve variação significativa na patogenicidade e na virulência e agressividade de espécies Pyricularia à diferentes espécies de Urochloa. As cultivares Ipypoã, BRS Tupi e Xaraés foram as mais resistentes às diferentes espécies Pygt, Pg, Pp e Pu do patógenos da brusone. Quando avaliamos a reação de Urochloa às raças B, C e D de P. graminis-tritici do trigo, as variedades de braquiária testadas apresentaram suscetibilidade. Entretanto, detectou-se resistência para as demais raças de Pygt. As cultivares Ipypoã, BRS Tupi e Xaraés foram as mais resistentes às diferentes espécies do patógenos da brusone. Dessa forma, seus cultivos poderiam ser recomendados em áreas de cultivo de forrageiras adjacentes às áreas de trigo ou até mesmo na integração lavoura de trigo e pastagens forrageira para pecuária.
Fungi of the genus Pyricularia have a wide range of host plants, and are capable of infecting more than 50 species of grasses in which they cause blast disease. There are reports that the signal grass forage species (Urochloa brizantha) is host to many species of this fungus. Although the blast disease in signal grass does not cause damage to pasture production, the widespread distribution of this forage in the country makes it an important source of pathogen inoculum for several other crops of agricultural importance severely damaged by blast, especially wheat. The wheat blast is caused mainly by Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt), but it can also be associated with to two other species of Pyricularia, P. pennisetigena (Pp) and P. urashimae (Pu). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility and the reaction of nine species and / or cultivars of the genus Urochloa to the pathogens Pygt, Pp, Pu and P. grisea (Pg), the only species hitherto reported as a pathogen of Urochloa in Brazil. For Pygt, the virulence of seven pathogen races or virulence groups to Urochloa species / cultivars was also evaluated. There was significant variation in the pathogenicity and virulence and aggressiveness of Pyricularia species to different Urochloa species. When we evaluated the reaction of Urochloa to P. graminis-tritici races B, C and D, the Urochloa species / cultivars tested showed susceptibility. However, resistance was detected for the other Pygt races. The cultivars Ipypoã, BRS Tupi and Xaraés were the most resistant to the different species of the blast pathogens. Therefore, their use could be recommended for forage areas adjacent to wheat cropping or even for wheat - forage crops integration for livestock grazing.
Fungi of the genus Pyricularia have a wide range of host plants, and are capable of infecting more than 50 species of grasses in which they cause blast disease. There are reports that the signal grass forage species (Urochloa brizantha) is host to many species of this fungus. Although the blast disease in signal grass does not cause damage to pasture production, the widespread distribution of this forage in the country makes it an important source of pathogen inoculum for several other crops of agricultural importance severely damaged by blast, especially wheat. The wheat blast is caused mainly by Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pygt), but it can also be associated with to two other species of Pyricularia, P. pennisetigena (Pp) and P. urashimae (Pu). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility and the reaction of nine species and / or cultivars of the genus Urochloa to the pathogens Pygt, Pp, Pu and P. grisea (Pg), the only species hitherto reported as a pathogen of Urochloa in Brazil. For Pygt, the virulence of seven pathogen races or virulence groups to Urochloa species / cultivars was also evaluated. There was significant variation in the pathogenicity and virulence and aggressiveness of Pyricularia species to different Urochloa species. When we evaluated the reaction of Urochloa to P. graminis-tritici races B, C and D, the Urochloa species / cultivars tested showed susceptibility. However, resistance was detected for the other Pygt races. The cultivars Ipypoã, BRS Tupi and Xaraés were the most resistant to the different species of the blast pathogens. Therefore, their use could be recommended for forage areas adjacent to wheat cropping or even for wheat - forage crops integration for livestock grazing.
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Palavras-chave
P. grisea, P. pennisetigena, P. graminis-tritici, P. urashimae, Resistência varietal, Braquiaria, Trigo, Varietal resistance, Wheat