Efeitos da duração da carga sobre o estresse psicobiológico, demanda energética e lipólise em sessões de musculação realizadas na intensidade de 70% 1RM
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Data
2019-06-14
Autores
Campanholi Neto, José
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A organização das variáveis do exercício resistido altera respostas do estresse psicobiológico, da demanda energética, predominância do substrato energético utilizado durante a prática do exercício e também de lipólise. Desta maneira é fundamental estudar os efeitos das variáveis do exercício resistido sobre as respostas citadas. Os estudos sobre as respostas ao estresse provocado pelo exercício resistido estão voltados, principalmente, para o volume e intensidade. Outra variável pode influenciar sobre estas respostas, a duração da carga. Assim os objetivos deste estudo são: a) Verificar a influência da duração da carga sobre o estresse psicobiológico; b) Avaliar as respostas da demanda energética a diferente duração de carga; c) Determinar o substrato energético predominante durante a execução dos protocolos; d) Investigar o efeito da duração da carga sobre a lipólise. Participaram da pesquisa 16 voluntários do sexo masculino com mais de três meses de pratica em musculação, portanto familiarizados com os exercícios convencionais de academias propostos neste trabalho, com idade média de 29,31 ± 5,26 anos, saudáveis, sem diagnósticos de doenças que impossibilitem a prática de atividade física. Os participantes visitaram o laboratório em cinco ocasiões: na primeira assinaram o TCLE, ocorreu a aplicação do PAR-Q e teste de 1RM em todos exercícios que constituem as sessões. Na segunda visita foi realizada a familiarização com os procedimentos experimentais. Na terceira e quarta visita, realizadas aleatoriamente, foram submetidos aos protocolos (A) três séries de 10 repetições, com intervalo de dois minutos, a 70% de 1RM e (B) seis séries de cinco repetições, com intervalos de um minuto, a 70% de 1RM. Na quinta e última visita foram realizados os testes para a caracterização da amostra. Para atingir os objetivos deste trabalho os parâmetros avaliados foram: impulso de treinamento (TRIMP), demanda energética, quociente respiratório e concentração de glicerol. O TRIMP em unidades arbitrárias (UA): 413,95 ± 82,23 no protocolo A e 330,10 ± 75,21 no protocolo B (P = 0,0003). Demanda energética total: A: 302,0 ± 46,1 kcal e B: 310,6 ± 55,3 kcal (P = 0,4198). Quociente Respiratório: A: 1,16 ± 0,07 e B: 1,00 ± 0,05(P < 0,0001). Houve um efeito significativo na forma em que os protocolos são organizados sobre a concentração de Glicerol F(1, 30) = 19,71, P = 0,0001, r = 0,98. Os momentos de coleta (Pré, R2, R15 e R30) também apresentaram efeito significativo sobre a concentração de Glicerol F(3, 90) = 61,79, P < 0,0001. Os dados permitem concluir que o protocolo A (3 x 10) provocou maior mobilização de glicerol, portanto maior lipólise e maior estresse psicobiológico, porém sem diferença estatística significativa na demanda energética em comparação ao protocolo B (6 x 5). Do ponto de vista prático é uma ótima estratégia utilizar sessões com menor duração da carga, como no protocolo B (6 x 5), para proporcionar gasto calórico similar, com menor desconforto e ainda proporcionar lipólise.
The organization of the variables of the resistance exercise changes the responses of psychobiological stress, energy expenditure, predominance of the energy substrate used during exercise and lipolysis. In this way it is fundamental to study the effects of the variables of the resistance exercise on the cited answers. Studies on the responses to stress caused by resistance exercise are mainly focused on volume and intensity. Another variable can influence on these responses is the time under load. Thus the purpose of this study was: a) To verify the influence of the time under load on the psychobiological stress; b) Evaluate the responses of the energy expenditure to different time under load; c) Determine the predominant energy substrate during the execution of the protocols; d) Investigate the effect of the time under load on lipolysis. Sixteen male subjects with more than three months of practice in bodybuilding participated in the study, so they were familiar with the conventional exercises of academies proposed in this project, with a mean age of 29.31 ± 5.26 years, healthy, without diagnoses of diseases that make it impossible the practice of physical activity. The subjects visited the laboratory on five occasions: the first one signed the informed consent, the application of the PAR-Q and the 1RM test occurred in all exercises that constitute the sessions. During the second visit, familiarization with the experimental procedures was performed. In the third and fourth visit, at random, protocols (A) were submitted to three sets of 10 repetitions, with two minute interval, at 70% 1RM and (B) six sets of five repetitions, with one minute intervals, at 70% of 1RM. On the fifth and final visit, the tests were carried out to characterize the sample. In order to reach the objectives of this project the parameters evaluated were: TRIMP, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and glycerol concentration. The TRIMP in arbitrary units (AU): 413.95 ± 82.23 in protocol A and 330.10 ± 75.21 in protocol B (P = 0.0003). Total energy expenditure: A 302.0 ± 46.1 kcal and B 310.6 ± 55.3 kcal (P = 0.4198). RER: A 1.16 ± 0.07 and B 1.00 ± 0.05 (P <0.0001). There is a significant effect on the way the protocols are organized on the concentration of Glycerol F (1, 30) = 19.71, P = 0.0001, r = 0.98. The collection times (Pre, R2, R15 and R30) also have a significant effect on the concentration of Glycerol F (3.90) = 61.79, P <0.0001. The data allow us to conclude that protocol A provoked a greater mobilization of glycerol, therefore greater lipolysis and greater psychobiological stress, but without significant statistical difference in energy expenditure compared to protocol B. From a practical point of view, it is a good strategy to use sessions with shorter duration of the load, as in protocol B, to provide caloric expenditure with less discomfort and still provide lipolysis.
The organization of the variables of the resistance exercise changes the responses of psychobiological stress, energy expenditure, predominance of the energy substrate used during exercise and lipolysis. In this way it is fundamental to study the effects of the variables of the resistance exercise on the cited answers. Studies on the responses to stress caused by resistance exercise are mainly focused on volume and intensity. Another variable can influence on these responses is the time under load. Thus the purpose of this study was: a) To verify the influence of the time under load on the psychobiological stress; b) Evaluate the responses of the energy expenditure to different time under load; c) Determine the predominant energy substrate during the execution of the protocols; d) Investigate the effect of the time under load on lipolysis. Sixteen male subjects with more than three months of practice in bodybuilding participated in the study, so they were familiar with the conventional exercises of academies proposed in this project, with a mean age of 29.31 ± 5.26 years, healthy, without diagnoses of diseases that make it impossible the practice of physical activity. The subjects visited the laboratory on five occasions: the first one signed the informed consent, the application of the PAR-Q and the 1RM test occurred in all exercises that constitute the sessions. During the second visit, familiarization with the experimental procedures was performed. In the third and fourth visit, at random, protocols (A) were submitted to three sets of 10 repetitions, with two minute interval, at 70% 1RM and (B) six sets of five repetitions, with one minute intervals, at 70% of 1RM. On the fifth and final visit, the tests were carried out to characterize the sample. In order to reach the objectives of this project the parameters evaluated were: TRIMP, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and glycerol concentration. The TRIMP in arbitrary units (AU): 413.95 ± 82.23 in protocol A and 330.10 ± 75.21 in protocol B (P = 0.0003). Total energy expenditure: A 302.0 ± 46.1 kcal and B 310.6 ± 55.3 kcal (P = 0.4198). RER: A 1.16 ± 0.07 and B 1.00 ± 0.05 (P <0.0001). There is a significant effect on the way the protocols are organized on the concentration of Glycerol F (1, 30) = 19.71, P = 0.0001, r = 0.98. The collection times (Pre, R2, R15 and R30) also have a significant effect on the concentration of Glycerol F (3.90) = 61.79, P <0.0001. The data allow us to conclude that protocol A provoked a greater mobilization of glycerol, therefore greater lipolysis and greater psychobiological stress, but without significant statistical difference in energy expenditure compared to protocol B. From a practical point of view, it is a good strategy to use sessions with shorter duration of the load, as in protocol B, to provide caloric expenditure with less discomfort and still provide lipolysis.
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Palavras-chave
Impulso de treinamento, Consumo de oxigênio, Lactacidemia, Glicerol, Training impulse, Oxygen consumption, Blood lactate concentration, Glycerol